The gut microbiota has an extremely important role within the body and it is necessary for the regulation of the metabolism of the host and also for the development of metabolic diseases such as obesity. Here, we show several different factors leading to obesity such as epigenetic changes and how they result in differences to occur in the gut microbiota, along with gut dysbiosis which is caused by disturbances in the microbiota homeostasis. Several studies have been explained in this paper, providing evidence in how these findings can actually decrease the susceptibility of obesity, whether it be by changing an individual's diet pattern or observing the epigenetic changes which are taking place. KEY POINTS: • The microbiota depends on an individual's diet, lifestyle, environment, genetics and epigenetic profile. • Changes of the gut microbiota can increase obesity susceptibility. • Non-coding RNA has an important role in the metabolic homeostasis in check so if a disturbance occurs it can lead to resistance to obesity.

中文翻译：

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微生物群的遗传和表观遗传观点。

肠道菌群在体内具有极其重要的作用，它对于调节宿主的新陈代谢以及肥胖等代谢性疾病的发生都是必不可少的。在这里，我们展示了导致肥胖的几种不同因素，例如表观遗传变化以及它们如何导致肠道微生物群发生差异，以及由微生物群稳态紊乱引起的肠道菌群失调。本文解释了几项研究，为这些发现实际上如何降低肥胖的易感性提供了证据，无论是通过改变个人的饮食模式还是观察正在发生的表观遗传变化。要点： • 微生物群取决于个人的饮食、生活方式、环境、遗传和表观遗传特征。• 肠道微生物群的变化会增加肥胖易感性。• 非编码RNA 在检查代谢稳态方面具有重要作用，因此如果发生紊乱，它会导致对肥胖的抵抗。