Molecular inputs to chromatin via cellular metabolism are modifiers of the epigenome. These inputs — which include both nutrient availability as a result of diet and growth factor signalling — are implicated in linking the environment to the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and cell identity. Recent studies have demonstrated that these inputs are much broader than had previously been known, encompassing metabolism from a wide variety of sources, including alcohol and microbiotal metabolism. These factors modify DNA and histones and exert specific effects on cell biology, systemic physiology and pathology. In this Review, we discuss the nature of these molecular networks, highlight their role in mediating cellular responses and explore their modifiability through dietary and pharmacological interventions.

通过细胞代谢向染色质的分子输入是表观基因组的修饰子。这些投入-包括饮食中的营养供应和生长因子信号传导-都与环境与细胞稳态和细胞特性的维持有关。最近的研究表明，这些投入比以前已知的要广泛得多，涵盖了来自多种来源的代谢，包括酒精和微生物代谢。这些因素修饰DNA和组蛋白，并对细胞生物学，全身生理学和病理学产生特定影响。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了这些分子网络的性质，强调了它们在介导细胞反应中的作用，并通过饮食和药理学干预探索了它们的可修饰性。