Metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs) have gained attention in biomedicine due to their broad spectrum of applications, such as targeted drug delivery, their use as antibacterial agents or in cancer treatments. In particular, zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have become one of the most popular metal oxide NPs in biomedical applications. The present study describes for the first time the biogenic synthesis of rod shaped ZnO NPs using C. annuum L. var. grossum (L.) Sendt) extract as a capping agent. The purified C. annum-based zinc oxide nanorods (Ca-ZnO NRs) were characterized by different physico-chemical techniques. UV–vis spectroscopy depicted the absorbance peak at 372 nm. The size of nanorods ranges between 70 and 80 nm as revealed by FE-TEM micrographs and the mean size was 72 nm. Ca-ZnO NRs exhibited antibacterial activity in a dose-dependent manner and a greater activity was observed against S. enterica. Ca-ZnO NRs have shown antioxidant activity (91%) at 100 μg ml⁻¹ when compared to the standard (ascorbic acid) (98%). A significant inhibition of bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein denaturation evidenced their anti-inflammatory property. Further, Ca-ZnO NRs showed hemolysis of red blood cells (RBC) (~ 3%) (up to 3 μg ml⁻¹) which is much lesser than permissible limit.

金属氧化物纳米颗粒（NPs）由于其广泛的应用领域而在生物医学领域引起了人们的关注，例如靶向药物的递送，其作为抗菌剂的用途或在癌症治疗中的应用。特别是，氧化锌纳米颗粒（ZnO NPs）已成为生物医学应用中最受欢迎的金属氧化物NPs之一。本研究首次描述了使用C. annuum L. var。的棒状ZnO NPs的生物合成。Grossum（L.）Sendt）提取物作为封端剂。纯化的C.annual基-氧化锌纳米棒（Ca-ZnO NRs）的表征通过不同的物理化学技术。紫外可见光谱描述了在372 nm处的吸收峰。如FE-TEM显微照片所示，纳米棒的大小介于70至80 nm之间，平均大小为72 nm。Ca-ZnO NRs表现出剂量依赖性的抗菌活性，并观察到了对肠炎链球菌的更大活性。与标准品（抗坏血酸）（98％）相比，Ca-ZnO NRs在100μgml ^-1下显示出抗氧化活性（91 ％）。牛血清白蛋白（BSA）蛋白质变性的显着抑制证明了其抗炎特性。此外，Ca-ZnO NRs表现出红细胞（RBC）的溶血（〜3％）（最高3μgml ^-1），远小于允许极限。