Microalgae are feedstocks for production of carbon-neutral biofuels. Efforts have been performed to market microalgae biofuels, yet the production of microalgae biofuel remains a challenge due to the high production cost and low product yield. In particular, lipid extraction is a critical step to be optimized. Here, we review lipid extraction technologies and cell lysis strategies. Extraction techniques involve solvents such as organic solvents, supercritical fluids, ionic liquids, deep eutectic solvents and switchable solvents. Advantages and shortcomings of solvents are discussed. Besides, strategies have been designed to reduce power costs by integration of unit operations in downstream processing. We present single-step processes for simultaneous cell lysis and lipid extraction, such as ultrasound-, microwave-, bead-beating-, surfactant- and pulsed electric field-assisted extractions. The lipid extraction yield is enhanced by incorporating cell disruption into the lipid extraction process.

微藻是用于生产碳中性生物燃料的原料。已经进行了销售微藻生物燃料的努力，但是由于高生产成本和低产品收率，微藻生物燃料的生产仍然是挑战。特别地，脂质提取是要优化的关键步骤。在这里，我们回顾脂质提取技术和细胞裂解策略。萃取技术涉及有机溶剂，超临界流体，离子液体，深共熔溶剂和可转换溶剂等溶剂。讨论了溶剂的优缺点。此外，已经设计了通过在下游处理中集成单元操作来降低电力成本的策略。我们介绍了同时进行细胞裂解和脂质提取的单步过程，例如超声波，微波，磁珠敲打，表面活性剂和脉冲电场辅助萃取。通过将细胞分裂过程整合到脂质提取过程中，可以提高脂质提取的产率。