Increasing penetrations of intermittent renewable energy generation introduce novel balancing and reliability challenges for electricity systems. Mismatches between renewable energy production and electricity demand cause periods of overgeneration and periods of undergeneration. These latter energy deficit periods will result in reliability challenges unless additional balancing solutions are employed. Energy deficits can range from a few hours to days to seasons to years. A least cost energy system will best meet these balancing challenges with diverse investments in energy infrastructure, depending on technology costs, natural resource availability, interconnectedness, and evolving load patterns, including flexible loads. Short-term and long-term storage (LTS) applications may both be part of this portfolio. This study looks at storage in isolation to show the types of tradeoffs present between one storage resource and another in providing balancing services. The best storage technologies to balance the system depend on the duration of deficit events it is designed to mitigate. This paper compares the economics of different storage technology types in providing the range of short-term to long-term storage applications. The results compare quantities of conceptual storage technologies at different price points and quantities of clean gas generation to serve balancing needs as part of a least cost portfolio. We examine the tradeoffs between gas generation with low capital costs but high variable costs when burning clean fuels, and the alternative conceptual storage technologies, showing why clean gas capacity may play a role in least cost resource portfolios in decarbonized electricity systems.

间歇性可再生能源发电的普及率不断提高，给电力系统带来了新的平衡和可靠性挑战。可再生能源生产和电力需求之间的不匹配会导致发电过剩和发电不足。除非采用其他平衡解决方案，否则后面这些能量短缺期将导致可靠性挑战。能量不足的范围从几个小时到几天到季节到几年不等。成本最低的能源系统将根据技术成本，自然资源可用性，互连性以及不断变化的负载模式（包括灵活负载），通过对能源基础设施进行多种投资来最好地应对这些平衡的挑战。短期和长期存储（LTS）应用程序都可能是此产品组合的一部分。这项研究孤立地研究了存储，以显示在提供平衡服务时一种存储资源与另一种存储资源之间存在的折衷类型。平衡系统的最佳存储技术取决于旨在缓解的缺陷事件的持续时间。本文比较了不同存储技术类型在提供短期到长期存储应用程序方面的经济性。结果比较了不同价格点的概念性存储技术的数量和清洁气体的产生量，从而满足了平衡需求，并将其作为最低成本组合的一部分。我们研究了在燃烧清洁燃料时以较低的资本成本但可变成本较高的天然气生产与替代性概念存储技术之间的权衡，