Identifying the strengths and weaknesses of the scientific system is a concern of scientific policymakers in each country. This research aimed to present a methodology to detect the strong and weak points of science in various countries by adopting the method of economic complexity. Subsequently, the formulation mode of scientific diversification strategies of different countries is introduced using the complexity approach. In this method, first the scientific diversity of each country and the ubiquity of scientific domains are calculated, and the fitness of the countries and the scientific complexity of the domains are accordingly estimated. Subsequently, the scientific domains creating the highest level of complexity, the least distance from the country and the most opportunity gain for that country are introduced as scientific productivity and strategy border of the country to diversify the scientific system of the country. Moreover, the strengths and weaknesses as well as diversification strategies of the Iranian scientific system have been presented as a case study. The findings showed that the scientific domains that emerge as the efficiency frontier of scientific capabilities can be used by countries’ policymakers for scientific diversification.

中文翻译：

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制定国家科学多样化战略的方法

确定科学系统的优势和劣势是每个国家的科学决策者关注的问题。本研究旨在提出一种方法，通过采用经济复杂性的方法来检测各国科学的优缺点。随后，利用复杂性方法介绍了不同国家科学多元化战略的制定模式。在该方法中，首先计算各个国家的科学多样性和科学领域的普遍性，并据此估计国家的适应度和领域的科学复杂性。随后，科学领域创造了最高水平的复杂性，将与该国的距离最小和该国获得的最大机会作为该国的科学生产力和战略边界引入，以实现该国科学体系的多样化。此外，伊朗科学系统的优势和劣势以及多样化战略已作为案例研究提出。研究结果表明，作为科学能力效率前沿的科学领域可以被各国的决策者用于科学多样化。