Cancer tissue comprises not only cancer cells, but also several types of non-cancerous cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts. These fibroblasts directly and/or indirectly communicate with the cancer cells and other types of stromal cells, to create a specific tumor microenvironment. Cytotoxic chemotherapy plays a central role in treating cancer; however, tumor re-progression (recurrence) is a significant problem for cancer patients. Cytotoxic anticancer drugs act on fibroblasts as well as cancer cells and, after chemotherapy, all surviving cells are in contact with one another in the local environment. Therefore, an understanding of the molecular interactions between surviving cancer cells and fibroblasts is necessary to prevent tumor re-progression and to sustain the effect of cytotoxic agents. After chemotherapy, the number of fibroblasts may increase, some of which are identifiable as tumor-promoting. In this review, we discuss the significance of cancer-associated fibroblasts in tumor re-progression after chemotherapy, and the potential value of targeting them to enhance clinical outcomes.

癌组织不仅包括癌细胞，还包括几种类型的非癌细胞，例如与癌症相关的成纤维细胞。这些成纤维细胞直接和/或间接与癌细胞和其他类型的基质细胞交流，以创建特定的肿瘤微环境。细胞毒性化学疗法在治疗癌症中起着核心作用；然而，肿瘤再进展（复发）对癌症患者来说是一个重大问题。细胞毒性抗癌药物作用于成纤维细胞和癌细胞，化疗后，所有存活的细胞在局部环境中相互接触。因此，了解存活的癌细胞和成纤维细胞之间的分子相互作用对于防止肿瘤再进展和维持细胞毒剂的作用是必要的。化疗后，成纤维细胞的数量可能会增加，其中一些可被识别为促进肿瘤。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了癌症相关成纤维细胞在化疗后肿瘤再进展中的意义，以及靶向它们以增强临床结果的潜在价值。