The Arctic aphids live briefly and must breed quickly to survive. Shortened life cycle, with only two generations: the stem mother and sexuales—oviparous females and males is an adaptation for optimal use of the short breeding period, which lasts from late July to the end of August. Using Acyrthosiphon svalbardicum, an endemic High Arctic aphid species, we describe the structure of the reproductive system of sexual morphs and compare with its temperate counterparts, in particular the model organism the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Generally, the histological composition and ultrastructure of reproductive system of sexuales of A. svalbardicum is broadly similar to the reproductive systems described already in other species of aphids. The unique characters include in both oviparous females and males an enormous layer of the fat body, adhering to the structures of the internal reproductive system. The greatly enlarged accessory glands of males accumulate a heterogenous secretion composed of irregularly organized bunches of spicule-like structures of high electron density embedded in fine and coarse granular material. This material, unknown among temperate counterparts of A. svalbardicum, during mating is transported from the accessory glands of the male to its ejaculatory duct, where it is mixed with the ejaculate, and then is transferred to the spermatheca of the oviparous female.

中文翻译：

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北极特有物种 Acyrthosiphon svalbardicum 及其温带对应物 Acyrthosiphon pisum（半翅目，蚜科）的有性世代生殖系统的结构

北极蚜虫寿命很短，必须快速繁殖才能生存。生命周期缩短，只有两代：茎母和有性——卵生雌性和雄性是为了优化利用从 7 月下旬到 8 月底的短暂繁殖期。使用Acyrthosiphon svalbardicum，一种地方性高北极蚜虫物种，我们描述了有性变体的生殖系统结构，并与其温带对应物进行了比较，特别是模式生物豌豆蚜虫Acyrthosiphon pisum。一般而言，A . svalbardicum 有性生殖系统的组织学组成和超微结构与其他种类的蚜虫中已经描述的生殖系统大致相似。独特的特征包括在卵生雌性和雄性中都有一层巨大的脂肪体，附着在内部生殖系统的结构上。雄性大大增大的附属腺体积累了异质性分泌物，该分泌物由嵌入细粒和粗粒物质中的高电子密度的针状结构的不规则排列束组成。这种物质在A. svalbardicum 的温带同类中是未知的，在交配期间从雄性的附属腺体输送到其射精管，在那里与射精混合，然后转移到卵生雌性的受精囊。