The Vietnamese Mekong River Delta emerged as a rice production giant in the 1990s. Currently, the Vietnamese government is attempting to reduce environmental impacts resulting from the triple annual rice crop regime. This article explores how gender influences farming practice adoption using household livelihood survey data from Tien Giang Province. Each farm is disaggregated into male-managed, female-managed, and jointly managed plots. The study uses correlation to explore how sustainable intensification (SI) and conventional intensification (CI) practices are applied in complementary packages, and then a binary logistic regression to determine if livelihood approaches within households influence adoption of farming practices. The study finds that CI practices are more than twice as popular as SI practices, and that CI and SI practices are adopted in pairs that complement each other. The research also shows that gendered plot management is directly associated with SI and CI practice adoption, including decreased fertilizer use (p < .0005) and increased pesticide use (p = .047) on male-managed plots; and decreased likelihood of using organic fertilizers or compost (p = .013) or adopting integrated pest management (p = .004) on female-managed plots. Across all SI and CI practices, there is a significant indirect gendered impact due to unequal access between the sexes to natural and human capitals that are associated with increased SI adoption, such as education and extension trainings. This research contributes empirical evidence toward understanding the tension between CI and SI practice adoption and uniquely explores the gendered implications of the recent SI push in Vietnamese agriculture.

中文翻译：

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可持续和传统集约化：性别化的生计如何影响越南湄公河三角洲的农业实践

越南湄公河三角洲在 1990 年代成为水稻生产巨头。目前，越南政府正试图减少一年三季稻种植制度对环境造成的影响。本文使用前江省的家庭生计调查数据探讨性别如何影响农业实践的采用。每个农场分为男性管理、女性管理和联合管理的地块。该研究使用相关性来探索如何将可持续集约化 (SI) 和传统集约化 (CI) 实践应用于互补的一揽子计划中，然后使用二元逻辑回归来确定家庭内的生计方法是否会影响采用农业实践。研究发现 CI 实践是 SI 实践的两倍多，并且 CI 和 SI 实践是成对采用的，相互补充。研究还表明，性别化地块管理与 SI 和 CI 实践的采用直接相关，包括在男性管理的地块上减少肥料使用 (p < .0005) 和增加农药使用 (p = .047)；减少在女性管理的地块上使用有机肥料或堆肥 (p = .013) 或采用综合虫害管理 (p = .004) 的可能性。在所有 SI 和 CI 实践中，由于两性之间获得自然和人力资本的机会不平等，这与 SI 的采用（例如教育和推广培训）的增加有关，因此存在显着的间接性别影响。