Topical problems of the formation of slow deformation waves and their connection with recent geodynamic (deformational) processes are discussed. It is shown that the term “diffusion of stresses (displacements, strains)” is ill defined from the standpoint of physics of transfer phenomena because in the case of diffusion, mass transfer takes place, whereas the wave processes transfer energy. It is noted that the existing models describing the “diffusion of stresses” are solved based on the mathematical formalism of heat conduction theory which relies on the phenomenon of energy transfer. It is demonstrated that applying the term “wave” to the “stress diffusion” processes is untenable because in the classical sense, wave processes describe undamped (sustained, continuous) oscillations propagating in a homogeneous medium at constant velocity. The processes describing the “diffusion of stresses” form strongly damped oscillations whose propagation velocity substantially decreases with time. As a mechanism corresponding to the wave canonical concepts, a model of autowave deformation processes is proposed that implement the relay-race transfer and successive re-initiation of deformation activity from a fault to a fault or from one activated segment of a fault to another segment. Problematic issues of identifying the slow deformation waves are discussed, and the recommendations are proposed for constructing a network of observation points for the in situ measurements of spatiotemporal migration of the Earth’s surface deformations. It is substantiated that the existence of slow deformation waves does not explain the entire observed spatiotemporal spectrum of recent movements of the Earth’s surface.

中文翻译：

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最近的地球动力学和慢变形波

讨论了慢变形波的形成及其与最近的地球动力学（变形）过程的联系的局部问题。结果表明，术语“应力扩散（位移、应变）”从传递现象的物理学角度定义不明确，因为在扩散的情况下，会发生质量传递，而波过程传递能量。需要注意的是，现有的描述“应力扩散”的模型是基于热传导理论的数学形式来解决的，该理论依赖于能量转移现象。事实证明，将术语“波”应用于“应力扩散”过程是站不住脚的，因为在经典意义上，波过程描述了在均匀介质中以恒定速度传播的无阻尼（持续、连续）振荡。描述“应力扩散”的过程形成强阻尼振荡，其传播速度随时间显着降低。作为与波正则概念相对应的机制，提出了一种自动波变形过程模型，该模型实现了从断层到断层或从断层的一个激活段到另一个断层的接力转移和变形活动的连续重新启动. 讨论了识别慢变形波的问题，并提出了构建观测点网络的建议，以对地球表面变形的时空迁移进行原位测量。