Using an ensemble of close- and long-range remote sensing, lake bathymetry and regional meteorological data, we present a detailed assessment of the geometric changes of El Morado Glacier in the Central Andes of Chile and its adjacent proglacial lake between 1932 and 2019. Overall, the results revealed a period of marked glacier down wasting, with a mean geodetic glacier mass balance of −0.39 ± 0.15 m w.e.a−1 observed for the entire glacier between 1955 and 2015 with an area loss of 40% between 1955 and 2019. We estimate an ice elevation change of −1.00 ± 0.17 m a−1 for the glacier tongue between 1932 and 2019. The increase in the ice thinning rates and area loss during the last decade is coincident with the severe drought in this region (2010–present), which our minimal surface mass-balance model is able to reproduce. As a result of the glacier changes observed, the proglacial lake increased in area substantially between 1955 and 2019, with bathymetry data suggesting a water volume of 3.6 million m3 in 2017. This study highlights the need for further monitoring of glacierised areas in the Central Andes. Such efforts would facilitate a better understanding of the downstream impacts of glacier downwasting.

中文翻译：

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智利中部安第斯山脉埃尔莫拉多冰川及其前冰川湖近 90 年的演变记录

我们使用近距离和远程遥感、湖泊测深和区域气象数据的集合，对 1932 年至 2019 年间智利中部安第斯山脉及其邻近的前冰河湖的埃尔莫拉多冰川的几何变化进行了详细评估。总体而言，结果显示了一段明显的冰川消融期，平均大地冰川质量平衡为 -0.39 ± 0.15 m wea-1在 1955 年至 2015 年期间对整个冰川进行了观测，1955 年至 2019 年期间面积减少了 40%。我们估计冰海拔变化为 -1.00 ± 0.17 ma-1用于 1932 年至 2019 年之间的冰川舌。过去十年中冰变薄率和面积损失的增加与该地区（2010 年至今）的严重干旱相吻合，我们的最小表面质量平衡模型能够重现. 由于观察到的冰川变化，1955 年至 2019 年间，前冰河湖的面积大幅增加，水深测量数据显示水量为 360 万立方米32017 年。这项研究强调了进一步监测安第斯山脉中部冰川地区的必要性。这些努力将有助于更好地了解冰川消减对下游的影响。