Abstract—

A new reconstruction of the number of sunspots (SN) in 1000–1700, along with possible errors, has been obtained based on an analysis of auroral observations at middle and low latitudes and data on the Earth’s magnetic field at that time. The intensity and configuration of the main magnetic field of the Earth affect the penetration of the Earth’s magnetosphere and atmosphere by aurora-induced, charged, solar-wind particles. Our reconstruction differs from other authors in that we have taken into account this effect on the frequency of auroras. The time variation of the reconstructed SN shows the previously known minima of Oort, Wolf, Spörer, and Maunder. The SN values for 1100–1150 (medieval maximum) are comparable to those observed in the second half of the XX century during the current period of high solar activity. It is shown that SN decreases by approximately two times during the Maunder minimum in comparison with the previous period, but it can reach SN ≈ 40 in some years. Bifurcation and degeneration of the 11-year cycle occurs at the beginning of the Maunder minimum. It can be associated with the difference in solar dynamo modes.

中文翻译：

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基于极光数据重建1000-1700年的太阳活动，并考虑到地球主磁场的贡献

摘要—

基于对中低纬度极光观测的分析以及当时地球磁场的数据，获得了1000-1700年黑子数（SN）的新重构以及可能的误差。地球主磁场的强度和配置会通过极光感应的带电太阳风粒子影响地球磁层和大气的渗透。我们的重建与其他作者的不同之处在于，我们已经考虑了这种对极光频率的影响。重建的SN的时间变化显示了Oort，Wolf，Spörer和Maunder的先前已知最小值。该SN1100-1150（中世纪的最大值）的数值与当前太阳活动活跃时期在二十世纪下半叶观察到的数值相当。结果表明，在Maunder最小值期间，SN与前一时期相比下降了大约两倍，但在某些年份中可以达到SN≈40。11年周期的分叉和退化发生在Maunder最小值的开始处。它可能与太阳能发电机模式的差异有关。