Capsicum L. is a genus of vegetables with a high global demand due to the pungency of its fruits. The species C. annuum L., C. frutescens L. and C. chinense Jacq. are the most cultivated and are closely related, belonging a group known as the annuum complex. Within these species, there are varieties with great morphological diversity that are widely exploited commercially. In this study, morphological measurements were performed on commercial chili pepper varieties, including Tabasco (C. frutescens), Cayenne (C. annuum) and Habanero (C. chinense), which are widely cultivated in the southwestern Colombian region, to generate a detailed phenotypic description and determine the correlation between traits. Additionally, microsatellite and SNP molecular markers were implemented to evaluate the genetic distances between them. The probability of forming hybrids between these varieties was also evaluated. Descriptive statistical parameters were estimated for the traits evaluated in forty plants of each commercial variety, and positive morphological correlations were found between the number of seeds, fruit mass and fruit length, as well as the independence or low correlation of this trait group versus the fruit diameter, day of first flower, number of fruits and productivity. The fruit capsaicin contents were estimated, with Habanero being the most pungent with 54.37 ± 5.83 mg/g. Molecular characterization using microsatellite markers and SNPs demonstrated the absence of heterozygous individuals and wide genetic distances between the commercial varieties evaluated; this outcome supported the impossibility of forming hybrids. The high genetic similarity among individuals within varieties could be useful to explore phenotypic plasticity in different environments. The methodology used here proved to be robust in testing trait correlation and cultivar genetic distancing, showing a look at the morphological and molecular relationships inside the genus which can be improved with the inclusion of more varieties. This information is especially useful for growers and breeders who wish to use and evaluate these plant materials.

辣椒属（Capsicum L.）是一种蔬菜，由于其辛辣味而对全球需求很高。物种C. annuum L.，C。frutescens L.和C. chinense Jacq。是种植最多且密切相关的植物，属于一个被称为年金复合物的群体。在这些物种中，存在着形态上具有很大多样性的品种，这些品种已被广泛地商业利用。在这项研究中，对商业辣椒品种进行了形态学测量，包括塔巴斯科（C. frutescens），卡宴（C. annuum）和哈瓦那（C. chinense）），在哥伦比亚西南部地区广泛种植，以产生详细的表型描述并确定性状之间的相关性。另外，实施了微卫星和SNP分子标记来评估它们之间的遗传距离。还评估了这些品种之间形成杂种的可能性。估计每种商品品种的40种植物的性状的描述性统计参数，并发现种子数量，果实质量和果实长度之间的正形态相关性，以及该性状组与果实的独立性或低相关性直径，第一朵花的天数，果实数和生产力。估计了果实中的辣椒素含量，其中哈瓦那罗的辣味最高，为54.37±5.83 mg / g。使用微卫星标记和SNPs进行的分子表征证明没有杂合个体，并且所评估的商业品种之间遗传距离较远；这一结果支持了形成混合动力的可能性。品种内个体之间的高度遗传相似性可能有助于探索不同环境中的表型可塑性。事实证明，这里使用的方法在测试性状相关性和品种遗传距离方面非常有效，可以看出该属内部的形态和分子关系，可以通过添加更多品种来改善这种关系。该信息对于希望使用和评估这些植物材料的种植者和育种者特别有用。