We examine and test alternative models for explaining the relationships between resource stress, beliefs that gods and spirits influence weather (to help or harm food supply or punish for norm violations), and customary beyond-household sharing behavior. Our model, the resource stress model, suggests that resource stress affects both sharing as well as conceptions of gods’ involvement with weather, but these supernatural beliefs play no role in explaining sharing. An alternative model, the moralizing high god model, suggests that the relationship between resource stress and sharing is at least partially mediated by religious beliefs in moralizing high gods. We compared the models using a worldwide sample of 96 cultures from the Standard Cross-Cultural Sample (SCCS), newly coded data on supernatural involvement with weather, and previously coded data on food and labor sharing. We conducted three types of analysis: multilevel and society-level regressions, and mediational path modeling using Monte Carlo simulations. Resource stress shows a robust effect on beliefs that high gods are associated with weather (and the more specific beliefs that high gods help or hurt the food supply with weather), that superior gods help the food supply through weather, and that minor spirits hurt the food supply through weather. Resource stress also predicts greater belief in moralizing high gods. However, no form of high god belief that we test significantly predicts more sharing. Mediational models suggest the religious beliefs do not significantly explain why resource stress is associated with food and labor sharing. Our findings generally accord with the view that resource stress changes religious belief and has a direct effect on sharing behavior, unmediated by high god beliefs.

中文翻译：

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资源压力可以预测宗教信仰的变化和分享行为的增加。

我们检查并测试了替代模型，这些模型用于解释资源压力，神灵影响天气的信念（以帮助或损害食品供应或惩罚违反规范的信念）之间的关系，以及惯常的非住户共享行为。我们的模型，即资源压力模型，表明资源压力既影响共享，也影响神对天气的参与，但是这些超自然的信念在解释共享方面不起作用。另一种模型是道德化的高神模型，它表明资源压力和共享之间的关系至少部分地由道德化了道德化的高神的宗教信仰来调节。我们使用来自标准跨文化样本（SCCS）的96种文化的全球样本，有关超自然因素与天气，以及以前编码的有关食物和劳动力共享的数据。我们进行了三种类型的分析：多层次和社会层次的回归，以及使用蒙特卡洛模拟的中介路径建模。资源压力显示出对以下信念的强烈影响：高等神与天气有关（更具体的信念是高等神通过天气来帮助或损害食物供应），上等神通过天气来帮助食物供应，而小精灵则对天气产生影响。天气供应食物。资源压力也预示着道德更高的神的信念。但是，我们测试过的崇高信仰的任何形式都无法预测更多的共享。中介模型表明，宗教信仰并未显着解释为什么资源紧张与粮食和劳动力共享相关。