Dr. Mark Mattson has had a highly productive and impactful tenure as a neuroscientist at the Intramural Research Program of the National Institute on Aging. He has made notable contributions to understanding the mechanisms by which energetic stress, imparted by behaviors such as physical activity and periods of fasting, promotes rejuvenation and resilience within brain regions critical for learning and memory. In honor of Dr. Mattson’s work, this manuscript will highlight the fascinating mechanisms by which endurance exercise training conveys beneficial effects upon the structure and function of the nervous system; that is, by mediating the synthesis and secretion of factors that directly support brain homeostasis, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor, FNDC5/irisin, ketone bodies, growth factors, cathepsin B, serotonin, and 4-hydroxynonenal. The molecular and cellular effects of these factors are discussed herein. In the face of population aging and an overwhelming surge in the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and related disorders, Dr. Mattson’s work as a champion and role model for physically active lifestyles is more important than ever.

马克·马特森博士在国家老龄化研究所的校内研究项目中担任神经科学家，工作成果丰硕，影响深远。他在理解体力活动和禁食等行为所带来的能量压力促进对学习和记忆至关重要的大脑区域内的恢复活力和恢复力的机制方面做出了显着贡献。为了纪念马特森博士的工作，这份手稿将重点介绍耐力运动训练对神经系统结构和功能产生有益影响的迷人机制；即通过介导直接支持脑稳态的因子的合成和分泌，包括脑源性神经营养因子、FNDC5/鸢尾素、酮体、生长因子、组织蛋白酶 B、血清素和 4-羟基壬烯醛。本文讨论了这些因素的分子和细胞效应。面对人口老龄化和阿尔茨海默病及相关疾病患病率的急剧上升，马特森博士作为体育锻炼生活方式的拥护者和榜样的工作比以往任何时候都更加重要。