A co-precipitation method with water as a distinctive solvent was used for the synthesis of pure, Fe-doped and surfactant-assisted Fe-doped SnO 2 nanoparticles (NPs). Furthermore, the NPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), UV–visible, photoluminescence spectroscopy and spectrofluorometer. XRD patterns showed a tetragonal rutile structure of SnO 2 phase without additional peaks and a shift was noted for Fe-doped and surfactant-assisted Fe-doped samples. The crystallite sizes of Fe-doped and surfactant-assisted Fe-doped SnO 2 NPs were found to decrease from 10.39 to 6.347 nm. Spherical morphology with uniform size was observed in all samples from SEM and HRTEM images. The presence of Sn, O and Fe ions was confirmed by EDAX analysis. The band gap energy of NPs was measured to be 3.487, 3.741, 3.845, 3.783 and 3.552 eV for pure, Fe-doped, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium dodecyl sulphate and Triton (surfactants) assisted Fe-doped NPs, respectively. An increase in the band gap was observed due to addition of Fe and surfactants. The photocatalytic study confirms that pure SnO 2 NPs exhibit a significant photo-degradation of methylene blue dye under sun light. Moreover, the physical properties of SnO 2 were modified by Fe-doping and addition of surfactants in comparison with pure SnO 2 NPs.

中文翻译：

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纯铁掺杂和表面活性剂辅助的铁掺杂氧化锡纳米粒子的光致发光特性

以水为独特溶剂的共沉淀方法用于合成纯的、Fe 掺杂和表面活性剂辅助的 Fe 掺杂 SnO 2 纳米粒子 (NPs)。此外，使用 X 射线衍射 (XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) 与能量色散 X 射线分析 (EDAX)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜 (HRTEM)、UV-可见光、光致发光光谱和分光荧光计。XRD 图案显示出 SnO 2 相的四方金红石结构，没有额外的峰，并且注意到 Fe 掺杂和表面活性剂辅助的 Fe 掺杂样品的位移。发现 Fe 掺杂和表面活性剂辅助的 Fe 掺杂 SnO 2 NPs 的微晶尺寸从 10.39 nm 减小到 6.347 nm。在来自 SEM 和 HRTEM 图像的所有样品中都观察到具有均匀尺寸的球形形态。通过 EDAX 分析证实了 Sn、O 和 Fe 离子的存在。NPs 的带隙能量测量为 3.487、3.741、3.845、3.783 和 3.552 eV，对于纯的、Fe 掺杂的、十​​六烷基三甲基溴化铵、十二烷基硫酸钠和 Triton（表面活性剂）辅助的 Fe 掺杂的 NPs，分别。由于添加了 Fe 和表面活性剂，观察到带隙增加。光催化研究证实纯 SnO 2 NPs 在阳光下表现出显着的亚甲基蓝染料光降解。此外，与纯 SnO 2 NPs 相比，SnO 2 的物理性质通过 Fe 掺杂和表面活性剂的添加得到了改善。十二烷基硫酸钠和 Triton（表面活性剂）分别辅助 Fe 掺杂的 NP。由于添加了 Fe 和表面活性剂，观察到带隙增加。光催化研究证实纯 SnO 2 NPs 在阳光下表现出显着的亚甲基蓝染料光降解。此外，与纯 SnO 2 NPs 相比，SnO 2 的物理性质通过 Fe 掺杂和表面活性剂的添加得到了改善。十二烷基硫酸钠和 Triton（表面活性剂）分别辅助 Fe 掺杂的 NP。由于添加了 Fe 和表面活性剂，观察到带隙增加。光催化研究证实纯 SnO 2 NPs 在阳光下表现出显着的亚甲基蓝染料光降解。此外，与纯 SnO 2 NPs 相比，SnO 2 的物理性质通过 Fe 掺杂和表面活性剂的添加得到了改善。