Neurodegenerative diseases have different types according to the onset of the disease, the time course, and the underlying pathology. Although the dogma that brain cells cannot regenerate has changed, the normal regenerative process of the brain is usually not sufficient to restore brain tissue defects after different pathological insults. Stem cell therapy and more recently cell reprogramming could achieve success in the process of brain renewal. This review article presents recent advances of stem cell therapies in neurodegenerative diseases and the role of cell reprogramming in the scope of optimizing a confined condition that could direct signaling pathways of the cell toward a specific neural lineage. Further, we will discuss different types of transcriptional factors and their role in neural cell fate direction.

神经退行性疾病根据疾病的发作，时程和潜在的病理学而有不同的类型。尽管脑细胞无法再生的教条发生了变化，但是正常的大脑再生过程通常不足以恢复经过不同病理损伤后的脑组织缺陷。干细胞疗法和最近的细胞重编程可以在大脑更新过程中取得成功。这篇综述文章介绍了神经退行性疾病中干细胞疗法的最新进展，以及细胞重编程在优化可将细胞的信号传导途径导向特定神经谱系的局限性条件范围内的作用。此外，我们将讨论不同类型的转录因子及其在神经细胞命运方向中的作用。