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Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cell Reprogramming

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Abstract

Neurodegenerative diseases have different types according to the onset of the disease, the time course, and the underlying pathology. Although the dogma that brain cells cannot regenerate has changed, the normal regenerative process of the brain is usually not sufficient to restore brain tissue defects after different pathological insults. Stem cell therapy and more recently cell reprogramming could achieve success in the process of brain renewal. This review article presents recent advances of stem cell therapies in neurodegenerative diseases and the role of cell reprogramming in the scope of optimizing a confined condition that could direct signaling pathways of the cell toward a specific neural lineage. Further, we will discuss different types of transcriptional factors and their role in neural cell fate direction.

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Abbreviations

AD:

Alzheimer’s disease

ALS:

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

ASC:

Adult stem cell

DCX:

Doublecortin

DLX2:

Distal-less homeobox 2

ESC:

Embryonic stem cell

FSC:

Fetal stem cell

GAP-43:

Growth associated proteins-43

HD:

Huntington’s disease

hBM- MSC:

Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell

hU-MSC:

Human umbilical mesenchymal stem cell

iPSC:

Induced pluripotent stem cell

IL:

Interleukin

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cell

MS:

Multiple sclerosis

NSC:

Neural stem cell

NPC :

Neural progenitor cell/neural precursor cell

NTF :

Neurotropic factor

PAX:

Paired box protein

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

SOX:

SRY-related HMG-box

SGZ:

Subgranular zone

SVZ:

Subventricular zone

TGF-β:

Transforming growth factor-β

TF:

Transcriptional factors

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Governorate, Alexandria, Egypt

    Abeer Sallam

  2. Center of Excellence for Research in Regenerative Medicine and its Applications (CERRMA) Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Governorate, Egypt

    Abeer Sallam

  3. The Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 1 Discovery Drive, Rensselaer, NY, 12144, USA

    Shaker A. Mousa

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Sallam, A., Mousa, S.A. Neurodegenerative Diseases and Cell Reprogramming. Mol Neurobiol 57, 4767–4777 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-020-02039-5

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