With a growing concern on climate change, hydrogen has attracted great attention as an alternative energy fuel. The hydrogen economy allows us to accomplish a high level of energy security and realize zero emission. To successfully establish the hydrogen economy, the development of sustainable hydrogen production, storage and fuel cell technologies is important; among them, safe and stable hydrogen storage remains more challenging. In this review, we briefly introduce solid-state hydrogen storage materials, focusing on metal hydrides and hydrogen sorption mechanism with emphasis on the related thermodynamic and kinetic obstacles. To overcome such limits, nanoconfinement is regarded as a representative strategy since it can modify hydrogen sorption kinetics and thermodynamics of metal hydrides. We present a nanoconfinement effect of metal hydrides on hydrogen sorption properties, spotlighting carbon scaffolds for confinement. With a rational design of the composite based on metal hydrides and carbon scaffolds, a potential application of solid-state hydrogen storage will be a stepping-stone on the path to a hydrogen economy.

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碳纳米支架对氢化镁储氢性能的影响

随着人们对气候变化的日益关注，氢作为一种替代能源燃料受到了极大的关注。氢经济使我们能够实现高水平的能源安全并实现零排放。要成功建立氢经济，开发可持续的氢生产、储存和燃料电池技术很重要；其中，安全稳定的储氢仍然更具挑战性。在这篇综述中，我们简要介绍了固态储氢材料，重点介绍了金属氢化物和氢吸附机制，重点介绍了相关的热力学和动力学障碍。为了克服这些限制，纳米限制被认为是一种有代表性的策略，因为它可以改变金属氢化物的氢吸附动力学和热力学。我们展示了金属氢化物对氢吸附特性的纳米限制效应，重点关注用于限制的碳支架。通过基于金属氢化物和碳支架的复合材料的合理设计，固态储氢的潜在应用将成为通往氢经济之路的垫脚石。