Artemisia arborescens is an aromatic shrub whose essential oils are considered a potential source of molecules with industrial and pharmaceutical interest. The chemical profile of A. arborescens essential oils (EOs) was shown to be quite variable and various chemotypes have been identified. In this study, we compared the EOs composition of A. arborescens leaves and flowers collected from four different locations in Sicily. The EOs were assayed for their antiproliferative activity against A375 human malignant melanoma cells, also testing cell viability and cell membrane integrity. The evaluation of DNA fragmentation and caspase-3 activity assay was employed for the detection of apoptosis. The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, cleaved caspase-9, PTEN (Phosphatase and tensin homolog), Hsp70 (Heat Shock Protein 70 kilodaltons) and SOD (superoxide dismutase) proteins was evaluated by Western blot analysis. The levels of ROS and GSH were also analyzed. Results show that EOs presented significant differences in their composition, yield, and cytotoxic activity depending on the collection site. The chamazulene/camphor-rich EOs from plants collected in Acqua Calda (Lipari) resulted particularly active on melanoma cancer cells (IC₅₀ values of 6.7 and 4.5 µg/mL), being able to trigger apoptotic death probably interfering with endogenous defense mechanisms. These oils may be considered as a natural resource of chamazulene, containing this compound up to 63%.

中文翻译：

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Chamazulene-Rich Artemisia arborescens精油影响人黑素瘤细胞的细胞生长。

蒿（Artemisia arborescens）是一种芳香灌木，其精油被认为是具有工业和医药意义的分子的潜在来源。的化学特征A.藜精油（EOS）被证明是相当变数和各种化学型已经确定。在这项研究中，我们比较了A. arborescens的EOs组成。从西西里岛四个不同地点收集的叶子和花朵。测定EO对A375人恶性黑色素瘤细胞的抗增殖活性，还测试细胞活力和细胞膜完整性。DNA片段化和caspase-3活性测定的评估用于检测细胞凋亡。通过蛋白质印迹分析评估了Bcl-2，Bax，裂解的caspase-9，PTEN（磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物），Hsp70（热激蛋白70千道尔顿）和SOD（超氧化物歧化酶）蛋白的表达。还分析了ROS和GSH的水平。结果表明，根据收集部位的不同，EOs的成分，产量和细胞毒性活性均存在显着差异。_50个值分别为6.7和4.5 µg / mL），能够触发凋亡性死亡，可能会干扰内源性防御机制。这些油可被视为Chamazulene的天然资源，其含量高达63％。