Lithium-ion batteries have recently been in the spotlight as the main energy source for the energy storage devices used in the renewable energy industry. The main issues in the use of lithium-ion batteries are satisfaction with the design life and safe operation. Therefore, battery management has been required in practice. In accordance with this demand, battery state indicators such as the state-of-charge (SOC), state-of-health (SOH), state-of-function (SOF), and state-of-temperature (SOT) have been widely applied. The use of these indicators ensures safe operation without overcharging and over-discharging. In addition, it can also help satisfy the design life. This paper presents a literature review of battery state indicators over the last three years and proposes the requirement of state-of-the-art battery state indicators. It also suggests future developments for battery management system (BMS) in stationary energy storage systems (ESSs).

中文翻译：

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用于固定储能系统电池管理系统的最先进电池状态估计技术综述

锂离子电池作为可再生能源行业中使用的储能设备的主要能源，最近备受关注。锂离子电池使用中的主要问题是对设计寿命和安全运行的满意度。因此，在实践中需要电池管理。根据这种需求，电池状态指标如荷电状态（SOC）、健康状态（SOH）、功能状态（SOF）和温度状态（SOT）已经被应用广泛。这些指标的使用确保了安全运行，不会过度充电和过度放电。此外，它还可以帮助满足设计寿命。本文介绍了过去三年电池状态指标的文献综述，并提出了对最先进的电池状态指标的要求。