Abstract

Allele frequencies at the storage protein loci Gli-A1, Gli-B1, Gli-D1, Glu-A1, Glu-B1, Glu-D1, and Gli-A3, as well as the population structure, were studied in groups of winter common wheat cultivars developed in different periods of time in two soil and climate zones: the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (at the Myronivka Remeslo Institute of Wheat (MIW)) and the Steppe of Ukraine (at the Plant Breeding and Genetics Institute (PBGI)), a total of 275 cultivars. The cultivars were grouped based on registration time: before 1996 (period 1), in 1996–2010 (period 2), and after 2010 (period 3). Differences in average annual temperature in the periods of development of these cultivars amounted 0.6 and 0.7°C between periods 1 and 2, and as high as 0.9 and 1.0°C between periods 2 and 3 for the Forest-Steppe and Steppe zones, respectively. In the groups of winter wheat cultivars of both MIW and PBGI developed after 2010, specific sets of predominant alleles were basically retained. At the same time, there was a clear relationship between changes in frequencies of certain alleles in cultivar groups and annual temperature changes in the locations where selection of genotypes (future cultivars) had taken place during breeding. The most prominent changes in allele frequencies were revealed for the cultivars developed in the Steppe of Ukraine: for the PBGI cultivars such temporal changes were detected for 10 alleles at 4 loci. Probably this is due to the fact that in the Steppe zone the annual temperature has reached the high absolute value, and new coadaptive gene associations are being formed and selected during breeding. The increased contribution of wheat germplasm derived from regions with higher temperature to winter common wheat breeding in the Steppe zone might be expected.

中文翻译：

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气候变化下冬小麦存储蛋白基因座等位基因频率的变化

摘要

存储蛋白基因座Gli-A1，Gli-B1，Gli-D1，Glu-A1，Glu-B1，Glu-D1和Gli-A3的等位基因频率在两个土壤和气候区不同时期开发的冬季普通小麦品种组中，研究了小麦的种群结构以及种群结构：乌克兰的森林草原（在Myronivka Remeslo小麦研究所（MIW））和乌克兰草原（在植物育种与遗传研究所（PBGI）），共有275个品种。根据注册时间对品种进行分组：1996年之前（第1期），1996-2010年（第2期）和2010年之后（第3期）。在森林草原和草原地区，这些品种在发育期间的年平均温度差异在第1和第2期之间分别为0.6和0.7°C，在第2和第3期之间分别高达0.9和1.0°C。在2010年之后开发的MIW和PBGI冬小麦品种组中，基本保留了特定的主要等位基因组。同时，品种组中某些等位基因的频率变化与育种期间选择基因型（未来品种）的位置的年度温度变化之间存在明显的关系。在乌克兰草原开发的品种中，等位基因频率的变化最明显：对于PBGI品种，在4个基因座处的10个等位基因检测到了这种时间变化。可能是由于这样的事实：在草原地区，年温度已达到很高的绝对值，并且在育种过程中形成并选择了新的适应性基因关联。