Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important crops worldwide and is considered an essential source of proteins, fibers, and minerals in the daily diet of several countries. Nitrogen (N) is considered the most important nutrient for common bean crop. On the other hand, the reduction of chemical fertilizers is a global challenge, and the development of cultivars with more N use efficiency (NUsE) is considered one of the main strategies to reduce the amount of N fertilizers. Genetic progress of NUsE has been reported in several crops; however, there was still no quantity in common bean. In this study, our goal was to analyze the genetic progress of seed yield (SY) and NUsE-related traits of 40 carioca common bean cultivars release from 1970 to 2017 in eight environments under low (zero) or high N (40 kg ha⁻¹) in top-dressing. Genetic progress, principal component analysis, correlations among traits, and cultivar stability were analyzed using Bayesian approaches. The lowest values of the deviance information criterion (DIC) for the full model tested indicated the presence of the genotype × N × environment interaction for all evaluated traits. Nitrogen utilization efficiency (NUtE) and nitrogen uptake efficiency (NUpE) were the traits that most contributed to discriminate cultivars. The genetic progress of SY under high N (0.53% year⁻¹, 95% HPD = 0.39; 0.65% year⁻¹) was similar to that obtained in low N conditions (0.48% year⁻¹, 95% HPD = 0.31; 0.64% year⁻¹). These results indicate that modern cultivars do not demand more N fertilizers to be more productive. In addition, we observed a high genetic variability for NUsE-related traits, but there was no genetic progress for these variables. SY showed negative correlation with seed protein content (Prot) in both N conditions, and there was no reduction in Prot in modern cultivars. Both modern and old cultivars showed adaptability and stability under contrasting N conditions. Our study contributed to improve our knowledge about the genetic progress of common bean breeding program in Brazil in the last 47 years, and our data will help researchers to face the challenge of increase NUsE and Prot in the next few years.

普通豆（菜豆L.) 是世界上最重要的农作物之一，被认为是一些国家日常饮食中蛋白质、纤维和矿物质的重要来源。氮（N）被认为是普通豆类作物最重要的养分。另一方面，减少化肥用量是一个全球性挑战，开发氮肥利用率更高的品种被认为是减少氮肥用量的主要策略之一。NUsE 的遗传进展已在多种作物中得到报道；然而，普通豆仍然没有数量。在本研究中，我们的目标是分析 40 种种子产量 (SY) 和 NUsE 相关性状的遗传进展。卡里奥卡1970年至2017年，在低（零）或高氮（40 kg ha ^-1）追肥的八个环境中释放了普通菜豆品种。使用贝叶斯方法分析遗传进展、主成分分析、性状之间的相关性和品种稳定性。测试的完整模型的偏差信息标准 (DIC) 的最低值表明所有评估的性状都存在基因型 × N × 环境相互作用。氮利用效率（NUtE）和氮吸收效率（NUpE）是对品种区分最有贡献的性状。高氮条件下SY的遗传进展（0.53％年^−1，95％HPD = 0.39; 0.65％年^{−1 ）与低氮条件下获得的遗传进展}相似（0.48％年−1，95％HPD = 0.31; 0.64 ％年^-1）。这些结果表明，现代品种不需要更多的氮肥来提高产量。此外，我们观察到 NUsE 相关性状的高遗传变异性，但这些变量没有遗传进展。在两种氮肥条件下，SY 与种子蛋白质含量 (Prot) 呈负相关，并且现代品种中 Prot 没有减少。现代和老品种在对比氮条件下都表现出适应性和稳定性。我们的研究有助于提高我们对过去 47 年巴西菜豆育种计划遗传进展的了解，我们的数据将帮助研究人员应对未来几年 NUsE 和 Prot 增加的挑战。