The leaves of Vitis vinifera L. have been used for a long time in traditional medicine for the treatment of many ailments. Grape polyphenols, indeed, have been demonstrated to be able to defend against oxidative stress, responsible for various disorders such as cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. The effects of different extraction techniques, Soxhlet (SOX), Accelerated Solvent (ASE 40, ASE 50) and Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) were studied in this work to evaluate their impact on the chemical profile and bioactive potential of Vitis vinifera L. (cv. Aglianico) leaf extracts. The phytochemical profile was investigated by HPLC-DAD and 9 phenolic compounds were identified and quantified in the extract. Moreover, the antioxidant, anticholinesterase and antityrosinase activities were evaluated. In detail, the total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacities and β-Carotene Bleaching assays) were evaluated and compared to assess the Relative Antioxidant Capacity Index (RACI). To test the inhibitory activity of extracts towards cholinesterases, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition assays were performed. SOX and ASE 50 have shown the highest value of RACI, 0.76 and 0.65, respectively. Regarding enzymatic inhibitory activity, ASE 50 (IC₅₀ = 107.16 ± 8.12 μg/mL) and SOX (IC₅₀ = 171.34 ± 12.12 μg/mL) extracts exhibited the highest AChE and BChE inhibitory activity, respectively, while UAE (IC₅₀ = 293.2 ± 25.6 μg/mL, followed by SOX (IC₅₀ = 302.5 ± 38.3 μg/mL) showed the highest tyrosinase inhibition value. Our results demonstrated for the first time that Aglianico leaves are important sources of phenols that could be used to prevent oxidative stress and be potentially helpful in diseases treatable with tyrosinase and cholinesterase inhibitors, like myasthenia gravis or Alzheimer’s.

中文翻译：

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酿酒葡萄开发的新见解。用于营养用途的Aglianico叶提取物。

葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）的叶子已在传统医学中长期使用，可用于治疗多种疾病。实际上，已经证明葡萄多酚能够抵抗氧化应激，引起多种疾病，例如癌症，糖尿病和神经退行性疾病。在这项工作中，研究了索氏提取法（SOX），加速溶剂（ASE 40，ASE 50）和超声辅助提取（UAE）等不同提取技术的效果，以评估它们对葡萄的化学特性和生物活性的影响L.（cv。Aglianico）叶提取物。通过HPLC-DAD研究植物化学特征，并在提取物中鉴定和定量了9种酚类化合物。此外，评估了抗氧化剂，抗胆碱酯酶和抗酪氨酸酶的活性。详细地，评估并比较了总多酚含量和抗氧化剂活性（2,2-二苯基-1-吡啶并肼基，氧自由基吸收能力和β-胡萝卜素漂白试验），以评估相对抗氧化能力指数（RACI）。为了测试提取物对胆碱酯酶的抑制活性，进行了乙酰胆碱酯酶（AChE）和丁酰胆碱酯酶（BChE）抑制试验。SOX和ASE 50的RACI最高，分别为0.76和0.65。关于酶抑制活性，ASE 50（IC ₅₀= 107.16±8.12μg/ mL）和SOX（IC ₅₀ = 171.34±12.12μg/ mL）提取物分别表现出最高的AChE和BChE抑制活性，而阿联酋（IC ₅₀ = 293.2±25.6μg/ mL）其次是SOX（ IC ₅₀ = 302.5±38.3μg/ mL）显示出最高的酪氨酸酶抑制值，我们的结果首次证明Aglianico叶片是酚的重要来源，可用于预防氧化应激，并可能有助于酪氨酸酶和胆碱酯酶抑制剂，例如重症肌无力或阿尔茨海默氏症。