Background: In this study, we examined the relationships between reward-based decision-making in terms of learning rate, memory rate, exploration rate, and depression-related subjective emotional experience, in terms of interoception and feelings, to understand how reward-based decision-making is impaired in depression. Methods: In all, 52 university students were randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group. To manipulate interoception, the participants in the experimental group were instructed to tune their internal somatic sense to the skin-conductance-response waveform presented on a display. The participants in the control group were only instructed to stay relaxed. Before and after the manipulation, the participants completed a probabilistic reversal-learning task to assess reward-based decision-making using reinforcement learning modeling. Similarly, participants completed a probe-detection task, a heartbeat-detection task, and self-rated scales. Results: The experimental manipulation of interoception was not successful. In the baseline testing, reinforcement learning modeling indicated a marginally-significant correlation between the exploration rate and depressive symptoms. However, the exploration rate was significantly associated with lower interoceptive attention and higher depressive feeling. Conclusions: The findings suggest that situational characteristics may be closely involved in reward exploration and highlight the clinically-meaningful possibility that intervention for affective processes may impact reward-based decision-making in those with depression.

中文翻译：

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抑郁症状，感觉和互感对基于奖励的决策制定的影响：使用强化学习模型的调查。

背景：在这项研究中，我们从学习率，记忆率，探索率和与抑郁相关的主观情感体验（在感知和感觉方面）的角度研究了基于奖励的决策之间的关系，以了解基于奖励的决策如何抑郁症会影响决策能力。方法：总共将52名大学生随机分为实验组和对照组。为了操纵感知觉，实验组的参与者被指示将他们的内部躯体感觉调整到显示器上呈现的皮肤电导反应波形。仅指示对照组参与者保持放松。在操作前后，参与者完成了一个概率逆向学习任务，以使用强化学习模型评估基于奖励的决策。同样，参与者完成了探测检测任务，心跳检测任务和自评量表。结果：避孕的实验操作不成功。在基线测试中，强化学习模型表明探查率与抑郁症状之间的相关性很小。然而，探查率与较低的感知觉注意力和较高的抑郁感显着相关。结论：