Nanofibers are solid fibers with diameters ranging from a few to hundreds of nanometers and lengths up to several meters. Nanofibers can offer many attractive properties, such as high specific surface area and large aspect ratio, and satisfy some special needs of analytical chemistry using different functionalization and modification methods. Nanofibers have been applied in different analytical techniques and processes, including optical analysis (colorimetery, fluorescence, chemiluminescence, surface-enhanced Raman scattering), ultra-thin layer chromatography, mass spectrometry ionization techniques, electrochemical analysis, sample preparation techniques, gas sensors and biological sensors. The trends and advances of application techniques based on nanofibers and the corresponding synthesis or derivatization methods were summarized and compared according to the survey of more than 1100 articles in recent two decades. The challenges and prospects of nanofiber-based applications in analytical chemistry were also addressed finally.

纳米纤维是实心纤维，其直径范围从几纳米到几百纳米，长度可达几米。纳米纤维可以提供许多吸引人的特性，例如高的比表面积和大的长宽比，并且可以使用不同的功能化和修饰方法来满足分析化学的一些特殊需求。纳米纤维已应用于不同的分析技术和过程中，包括光学分析（比色法，荧光，化学发光，表面增强拉曼散射），超薄层色谱，质谱电离技术，电化学分析，样品制备技术，气体传感器和生物学传感器。根据近二十年来对1100多篇文章的调查，总结并比较了基于纳米纤维的应用技术的发展趋势和相应的合成或衍生化方法。最后还讨论了基于纳米纤维的分析化学应用中的挑战和前景。