The number of cloves in a garlic bulb is controlled by axillary meristem differentiation, which directly determines the propagation efficiency. Our previous study showed that injecting garlic plants with gibberellins (GA₃) solution significantly increased clove number per bulb. However, the physiological and molecular mechanism of GA-induced axillary bud formation is still unknown. Herein, dynamic changes in histology, phytohormones, sugars and related genes expression at 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 days after treatment (DAT) were investigated. Histological results indicated two stages (axillary meristem initiation and dormancy) were in the period of 0–30 days after GA₃ treatment. Application of GA₃ caused a significant increase of GA₃ and GA₄, and the downregulation of AsGA20ox expression. Furthermore, the change trends in zeatin riboside (ZR) and soluble sugar were the same, in which a high level of ZR at 2 DAT and high content of soluble sugar, glucose and fructose at 4 DAT were recorded, and a low level of ZR and soluble sugar arose at 16 and 32 DAT. Overall, injection of GA₃ firstly caused the downregulation of AsGA20ox, a significant increase in the level of ZR and abscisic acid (ABA), and the upregulation of AsCYP735 and AsAHK to activate axillary meristem initiation. Low level of ZR and soluble sugar and a high level of sucrose maintained axillary meristem dormancy.

中文翻译：

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组织学，生理学和转录组学分析揭示了大蒜中赤霉素诱导的腋生分生组织形成。

大蒜鳞茎中的丁香数量由腋生分生组织分化控制，这直接决定了繁殖效率。我们以前的研究表明，向大蒜植物中注入赤霉素（GA ₃）溶液可显着增加每个球茎的丁香数量。然而，GA诱导腋芽形成的生理和分子机制仍是未知的。在此，研究了在治疗（DAT）后第2、4、8、16和32天的组织学，植物激素，糖和相关基因表达的动态变化。组织学结果表明，GA ₃处理后的0-30天为两个阶段（腋生分生组织开始和休眠）。GA _3的使用导致GA ₃和GA显着增加₄，和AsGA20ox表达下调。此外，玉米蛋白核糖苷（ZR）和可溶性糖的变化趋势相同，其中记录到2 DAT时ZR含量高，而在4 DAT时可溶性糖，葡萄糖和果糖含量高，而ZR含量低。在16和32 DAT出现可溶性糖。总体而言，注射GA ₃首先导致AsGA20ox的下调，ZR和脱落酸（ABA）的水平显着升高，以及AsCYP735和AsAHK的上调以激活腋生分生组织。低水平的ZR和可溶性糖以及高水平的蔗糖保持了腋生分生组织休眠。