The heavy impact of obesity on both the population general health and the economy makes clarifying the underlying mechanisms, identifying pharmacological targets, and developing efficient therapies for obesity of high importance. The main struggle facing obesity research is that the underlying mechanistic pathways are yet to be fully revealed. This limits both our understanding of pathogenesis and therapeutic progress toward treating the obesity epidemic. The current anti-obesity approaches are mainly a controlled diet and exercise which could have limitations. For instance, the “classical” anti-obesity approach of exercise might not be practical for patients suffering from disabilities that prevent them from routine exercise. Therefore, therapeutic alternatives are urgently required. Within this context, pharmacological agents could be relatively efficient in association to an adequate diet that remains the most efficient approach in such situation. Herein, we put a spotlight on potential therapeutic targets for obesity identified following differential genes expression-based studies aiming to find genes that are differentially expressed under diverse conditions depending on physical activity and diet (mainly high-fat), two key factors influencing obesity development and prognosis. Such functional genomics approaches contribute to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that both control obesity development and switch the genetic, biochemical, and metabolic pathways toward a specific energy balance phenotype. It is important to clarify that by “gene-related pathways”, we refer to genes, the corresponding proteins and their potential receptors, the enzymes and molecules within both the cells in the intercellular space, that are related to the activation, the regulation, or the inactivation of the gene or its corresponding protein or pathways. We believe that this emerging area of functional genomics-related exploration will not only lead to novel mechanisms but also new applications and implications along with a new generation of treatments for obesity and the related metabolic disorders especially with the modern advances in pharmacological drug targeting and functional genomics techniques.

中文翻译：

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肥胖症中的运动和高脂肪饮食：两个能量稳态支柱的功能基因组学观点

肥胖对人口总体健康和经济的严重影响使得阐明潜在机制、确定药理目标和开发有效的肥胖疗法具有重要意义。肥胖研究面临的主要挑战是潜在的机制途径尚未完全揭示。这限制了我们对肥胖流行病的发病机制和治疗进展的理解。目前的抗肥胖方法主要是控制饮食和运动，这可能有局限性。例如，“经典”的抗肥胖运动方法对于患有妨碍他们进行常规运动的残疾患者来说可能不切实际。因此，迫切需要治疗替代方案。在此背景下，药物制剂与充足的饮食相关联可能相对有效，在这种情况下仍然是最有效的方法。在此，我们重点关注基于差异基因表达的研究确定的肥胖潜在治疗靶点，旨在寻找在不同条件下根据身体活动和饮食（主要是高脂肪）差异表达的基因，这是影响肥胖发展的两个关键因素和预测。这种功能基因组学方法有助于阐明控制肥胖发展和将遗传、生化和代谢途径转向特定能量平衡表型的分子机制。需要澄清的是，“基因相关通路”是指基因、相应的蛋白质及其潜在受体，细胞间隙中两个细胞内的酶和分子，与基因或其相应蛋白质或途径的激活、调节或失活有关。我们相信，这一新兴的功能基因组学相关探索领域不仅会带来新的机制，还会带来新的应用和意义，以及新一代肥胖症和相关代谢紊乱的治疗方法，尤其是随着药物靶向和功能性药物的现代进步。基因组学技术。