The use of cell therapies has recently increased for the treatment of pulmonary diseases. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) and alveolar type II cells (ATII) are the main cell-based therapies used for the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Many pre-clinical studies have shown that both therapies generate positive outcomes; however, the differences in the efficiency of MSCs or ATII for reducing lung damage remains to be studied. We compared the potential of both cell therapies, administering them using the same route and dose and equal time points in a sustained acute lung injury (ALI) model. We found that the MSCs and ATII cells have similar therapeutic effects when we tested them in a hydrochloric acid and lipopolysaccharide (HCl-LPS) two-hit ALI model. Both therapies were able to reduce proinflammatory cytokines, decrease neutrophil infiltration, reduce permeability, and moderate hemorrhage and interstitial edema. Although MSCs and ATII cells have been described as targeting different cellular and molecular mechanisms, our data indicates that both cell therapies are successful for the treatment of ALI, with similar beneficial results. Understanding direct cell crosstalk and the factors released from each cell will open the door to more accurate drugs being able to target specific pathways and offer new curative options for ARDS.

中文翻译：

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II型肺泡细胞或间充质干细胞：两种不同细胞疗法治疗大鼠急性肺损伤的比较。

最近，细胞疗法用于治疗肺部疾病的用途有所增加。间充质干/基质细胞（MSCs）和肺泡II型细胞（ATII）是用于治疗急性呼吸窘迫综合征（ARDS）的主要基于细胞的疗法。许多临床前研究表明，两种疗法都能产生积极的结果。然而，MSCs或ATII减少肺损伤的效率差异尚待研究。我们比较了两种细胞疗法的潜力，在持续性急性肺损伤（ALI）模型中以相同的途径，剂量和相同的时间点给予它们。我们发现，当我们在盐酸和脂多糖（HCl-LPS）两次打击的ALI模型中对MSC和ATII细胞进行测试时，它们具有相似的治疗效果。两种疗法都能减少促炎细胞因子，减少中性粒细胞浸润，降低通透性以及中度出血和间质性水肿。尽管已将MSC和ATII细胞描述为靶向不同的细胞和分子机制，但我们的数据表明两种细胞疗法均能成功治疗ALI，并具有相似的有益结果。了解直接细胞串扰和每个细胞释放的因素将为能够靶向特定途径并为ARDS提供新的治疗选择的更准确的药物打开大门。