In this paper a close solution is presented to determine the trade-off between cost and safety to cope with station blackout (SBO) in Pressurized Water Reactors (PWRs). To compute the profit of each generation unit, a Supply Function Equilibrium (SFE) model swhich considers carbon tax is used in a uniform electricity market. A hierarchical heuristic method is applied for decision making on safety improvement of Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). In this method the break-even point is used as a criterion to make a decision on comparing cost of safety improvement and profit of NPP in a deregulated electricity market. This method is applied in a case of adding an Emergency Water Supply (EWS) and an Emergency Diesel Generator (EDG) to a NPP where impacts of its investment cost and its profit are investigated. The achieved results show that the break-even point of investment cost and net profit of the NPP by adding the EDG is one month later than NPP with addition of EWS.

中文翻译：

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在放松管制的电力市场中应对压水堆中的电站停电在成本和安全之间进行权衡

在本文中，提出了一种紧密的解决方案，以确定成本和安全之间的权衡，以应对压水反应堆 (PWR) 中的电站停电 (SBO)。为了计算每个发电机组的利润，在统一电力市场中使用了考虑碳税的供给函数均衡 (SFE) 模型。分层启发式方法应用于核电厂（NPP）安全改进的决策。在该方法中，盈亏平衡点被用作在放松管制的电力市场中比较安全改进成本和核电厂利润的决定。该方法适用于在核电厂增加应急供水（EWS）和应急柴油发电机（EDG）的情况下，调查其投资成本和利润的影响。