Anthracnose is one of the most destructive grapevine diseases in warm and humid regions, but no efficient tools are available to quantify disease symptoms in different parts of the plant. Therefore, this study aimed to develop and validate standard area diagrams (SADs) to evaluate grapevine anthracnose on the fruit and shoot. For fruit SAD development, fruit clusters showing signs of anthracnose symptoms were sampled from five different white grape genotypes: Aromera, Bronner, GF24, Felicia and Helios. To develop the shoot SAD, plants from a population that segregated for anthracnose resistance were artificially inoculated. Fruits and shoots with characteristic symptoms were photographed, and a total of 30 and 31 images, respectively, were selected to develop each SAD. The SADs from fruit and shoots included severity ranging from 0.5 to 17.6% and from 0.8 to 45.9%, respectively. In order to verify the applicability of both SADs, random raters evaluated the images with and without the use of the SAD. Rater data were utilized for validation of both SADs using linear regression, absolute error and Lin’s statistic, and repeatability was tested by inter-rate analysis. The developed SADs improved the accuracy and repeatability among the raters. In addition, diagrammatic scales for anthracnose severity on the fruit and shoot decreased absolute error and disease overestimation. In conclusion, the use of both sets of SADs improved grapevine anthracnose evaluation on the fruit and shoots.

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葡萄串和枝条炭疽病严重程度的标准面积图

炭疽病是温暖潮湿地区最具破坏性的葡萄病害之一，但没有有效的工具来量化植物不同部位的疾病症状。因此，本研究旨在开发和验证标准面积图 (SAD)，以评估果实和枝条上的葡萄炭疽病。对于水果 SAD 的发展，从五种不同的白葡萄基因型中取样显示出炭疽病症状迹象的水果簇：Aromera、Bronner、GF24、Felicia 和 Helios。为了开发枝条 SAD，人工接种来自因炭疽病抗性而分离的种群的植物。对具有特征性症状的果实和枝条进行拍照，并分别选择总共 30 和 31 张图像来开发每个 SAD。果实和枝条的 SAD 包括 0.5 到 17 的严重程度。分别为 6% 和 0.8% 至 45.9%。为了验证这两种 SAD 的适用性，随机评估者评估了使用和不使用 SAD 的图像。评分者数据用于使用线性回归、绝对误差和林氏统计量验证两种 SAD，并通过速率间分析测试可重复性。开发的 SAD 提高了评估者的准确性和可重复性。此外，果实和枝条炭疽病严重程度的图表尺度降低了绝对误差和疾病高估。总之，两组 SAD 的使用改进了对果实和枝条的葡萄炭疽病评估。评分者数据用于使用线性回归、绝对误差和林氏统计量验证两种 SAD，并通过速率间分析测试可重复性。开发的 SAD 提高了评估者的准确性和可重复性。此外，果实和枝条炭疽病严重程度的图表尺度降低了绝对误差和疾病高估。总之，两组 SAD 的使用改进了对果实和枝条的葡萄炭疽病评估。评分者数据用于使用线性回归、绝对误差和林氏统计量验证两种 SAD，并通过速率间分析测试可重复性。开发的 SAD 提高了评估者的准确性和可重复性。此外，果实和枝条炭疽病严重程度的图表尺度降低了绝对误差和疾病高估。总之，两组 SAD 的使用改进了对果实和枝条的葡萄炭疽病评估。