The past two decades have been marked by an increased interest in the synthesis and the properties of geoinspired hydrosilicate nanoscrolls and nanotubes. The present review considers three main representatives of this group: halloysite, imogolite and chrysotile. These hydrosilicates have the ability of spontaneous curling (scrolling) due to a number of crystal structure features, including the size and chemical composition differences between the sheets, (or the void in the gibbsite sheet and SiO₂ tetrahedron, in the case of imogolite). Mineral nanoscrolls and nanotubes consist of the most abundant elements, like magnesium, aluminium and silicon, accompanied by uncontrollable amounts of impurities (other elements and phases), which hinder their high technology applications. The development of a synthetic approach makes it possible to not only to overcome the purity issues, but also to enhance the chemical composition of the nanotubular particles by controllable cation doping. The first part of the review covers some principles of the cation doping approach and proposes joint criteria for the semiquantitative prediction of morphological changes that occur. The second part focuses on some doping-related properties and applications, such as morphological control, uptake and release, magnetic and mechanical properties, and catalysis.

中文翻译：

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阳离子掺杂方法在纳米管氢硅酸盐曲率控制中的应用及相关应用

在过去的二十年中，人们对地灵感的氢硅酸盐纳米卷和纳米管的合成及其性能的兴趣日益增加。本综述考虑了该组的三个主要代表：埃洛石，伊莫高岩和温石棉。由于许多晶体结构特征，包括片之间的大小和化学组成差异（或三水铝石片中的空隙和SiO ₂），这些氢硅酸盐具有自发卷曲（滚动）的能力。四面体（就卵黄石而言）。矿物纳米卷和纳米管由最丰富的元素组成，例如镁，铝和硅，并伴有数量不可控制的杂质（其他元素和相），这阻碍了它们的高科技应用。合成方法的发展使得不仅可以克服纯度问题，而且可以通过可控的阳离子掺杂来增强纳米管颗粒的化学组成。审查的第一部分涵盖了阳离子掺杂方法的一些原理，并提出了联合标准，用于半定量预测发生的形态变化。第二部分重点介绍一些与掺杂有关的性质和应用，例如形态控制，吸收和释放，磁和机械性质以及催化作用。