Diabetes mellitus (DM) ranks seventh as a cause of death worldwide. Chronic complications, including cardiovascular, renal, and eye disease, as well as DM-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) account for most of the morbidity and premature mortality in DM. Despite continuous improvements in the management of late complications of DM, significant gaps remain. Therefore, searching for additional strategies to prevent these serious DM-related conditions is of the utmost importance. DM is characterized by a state of low-grade chronic inflammation, which is critical in the progression of complications. Recent clinical trials indicate that targeting the prototypic pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1 β) improves the outcomes of cardiovascular disease, which is the first cause of death in DM patients. Together with IL-18, IL-1β is processed and secreted by the inflammasomes, a class of multiprotein complexes that coordinate inflammatory responses. Several DM-related metabolic factors, including reactive oxygen species, glyco/lipoxidation end products, and cholesterol crystals, have been involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic kidney disease, and diabetic retinopathy, and in the promoting effect of DM on the onset and progression of atherosclerosis and NAFLD. These metabolic factors are also well-established danger signals capable of regulating inflammasome activity. In addition to presenting the current state of knowledge, this review discusses how the mechanistic understanding of inflammasome regulation by metabolic danger signals may hopefully lead to novel therapeutic strategies targeting inflammation for a more effective treatment of diabetic complications.

中文翻译：

---

糖尿病慢性并发症和相关代谢紊乱中的炎症小体。


糖尿病 (DM) 在全球死亡原因中排名第七。慢性并发症，包括心血管、肾脏和眼部疾病，以及糖尿病相关的非酒精性脂肪肝病 (NAFLD) 是糖尿病发病和过早死亡的主要原因。尽管糖尿病晚期并发症的治疗不断进步，但仍存在显着差距。因此，寻找其他策略来预防这些严重的 DM 相关疾病至关重要。糖尿病的特点是低度慢性炎症状态，这对于并发症的进展至关重要。最近的临床试验表明，针对原型促炎细胞因子白细胞介素-1β (IL-1β) 可以改善心血管疾病的结果，心血管疾病是糖尿病患者的首要死因。 IL-1β 与 IL-18 一起由炎症小体加工和分泌，炎症小体是一类协调炎症反应的多蛋白复合物。一些与 DM 相关的代谢因子，包括活性氧、糖/脂氧化终产物和胆固醇晶体，参与了糖尿病肾病和糖尿病视网膜病变的发病机制，并参与了 DM 对糖尿病的发生和进展的促进作用。动脉粥样硬化和 NAFLD。这些代谢因素也是公认的能够调节炎症小体活动的危险信号。除了介绍目前的知识状况外，这篇综述还讨论了代谢危险信号对炎症小体调节的机制理解如何有望带来针对炎症的新治疗策略，从而更有效地治疗糖尿病并发症。