Sotalol hydrochloride (STHCl) is a cardiovascular agent, specifically an antiarrhythmic and beta-blocker, that can be used regularly for an extended period. However, it may have side effects, such as weakness and slow heart rate (bradycardia). Currently, techniques such as capillary zone electrophoresis and high-performance liquid chromatography have been widely used for the determination of sotalol hydrochloride, which increases the cost of the analysis. Hence, the aim of this study is to develop an electrochemical sensor, employing magnetographite-epoxy composite (m-GEC) electrode modified with magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs) functionalised with carboxyl for the detection of sotalol as a faster, cheaper, precise and sensitive alternative method. The MNPs have an average size of 7.5 nm and were characterised by transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical behaviour of STHCl on the m-GEC electrode modified with MNPs, was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The supporting electrolyte was $$0.1\, \hbox {mol l}^{\mathrm {-1}}$$ 0.1 mol l - 1 of phosphate buffer solution ( $$\hbox {pH}= 7.0$$ pH = 7.0 ). Two oxidation peaks were observed: at a potential of 720 mV and at 920 mV vs. Ag/AgCl (KCl sat). Differential pulse voltammetry revealed linear calibration curves from 0.5 to $$500\times 10^{-6}\,\hbox {mol l}^{-1}$$ 500 × 10 - 6 mol l - 1 , with a limit of detection of $$0.015\times 10^{-6}\hbox {mol}\cdot \hbox {l}^{{-1}}$$ 0.015 × 10 - 6 mol · l - 1 . Finally, the modified electrode showed good sensitivity, selectivity and stability for the determination of sotalol in real samples.

中文翻译：

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使用磁铁矿纳米粒子电化学检测索他洛尔在磁石墨-环氧树脂电极上

盐酸索他洛尔 (STHCl) 是一种心血管药物，特别是一种抗心律失常和 β 受体阻滞剂，可以长期定期使用。但是，它可能有副作用，例如虚弱和心率缓慢（心动过缓）。目前，毛细管区带电泳、高效液相色谱等技术已广泛用于盐酸索他洛尔的测定，增加了分析成本。因此，本研究的目的是开发一种电化学传感器，采用经羧基官能化的磁铁矿纳米粒子 (MNP) 改性的磁石墨-环氧树脂复合材料 (m-GEC) 电极，用于检测索他洛尔，作为一种更快、更便宜、更精确和灵敏的替代方案方法。MNP 的平均大小为 7.5 nm，并通过透射电子显微镜进行表征。通过循环伏安法和微分脉冲伏安法 (DPV) 研究了 STHCl 在用 MNP 修饰的 m-GEC 电极上的电化学行为。支持电解质为 $$0.1\, \hbox {mol l}^{\mathrm {-1}}$$ 0.1 mol l - 1 的磷酸盐缓冲溶液（ $$\hbox {pH}= 7.0$$ pH = 7.0 ） . 观察到两个氧化峰：电位为 720 mV，电位为 920 mV，相对于 Ag/AgCl (KCl sat)。差分脉冲伏安法显示线性校准曲线从 0.5 到 $500\times 10^{-6}\,\hbox {mol l}^{-1}$$500 × 10 - 6 mol l - 1 ，具有检测限$$0.015\times 10^{-6}\hbox {mol}\cdot \hbox {l}^{{-1}}$$ 0.015 × 10 - 6 mol · l - 1 。最后，修饰电极对实际样品中索他洛尔的测定显示出良好的灵敏度、选择性和稳定性。