To elucidate the effects of FeS on the carbothermic reduction of ilmenite, a series of tests were conducted using non-isothermal thermogravimetric analysis at heating rates of 10°C/min, 15°C/min, 20°C/min, and 25°C/min. The Malek method was used to analyze the reduction mechanism and obtain a kinetic model, and the Starink method was used to calculate the apparent activation energy. The morphology of the reduction products was examined by scanning electron microscopy. A complementary series of isothermal carbothermic reductions tests was also performed in a vertical tube furnace to study the effect of FeS on the metallization of Fe and TiO2 grade in the slag phases. The results show that the carbothermic reduction of the ilmenite concentrate in the presence of FeS proceeds in four stages. FeS showed a negative effect to the carbothermic reduction of ilmenite as its addition of 2.5 wt.% increased the apparent activation energy from 486 kJ mol−1 to 565 kJ mol−1 and decreased metallization by 11.1% and TiO2 grade in the slag phases by 7.2%.

中文翻译：

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硫化亚铁对攀枝花钛铁精矿碳热还原的影响

为了阐明 FeS 对钛铁矿碳热还原的影响，使用非等温热重分析在 10°C/min、15°C/min、20°C/min 和 25°加热速率下进行了一系列测试℃/分钟。用Malek法分析还原机理并得到动力学模型，用Starink法计算表观活化能。通过扫描电子显微镜检查还原产物的形态。还在立式管式炉中进行了一系列补充等温碳热还原试验，以研究 FeS 对渣相中 Fe 和 TiO2 品位金属化的影响。结果表明，钛铁矿精矿在 FeS 存在下的碳热还原分四个阶段进行。