The tripartite motif (TRIM) gene family encodes diverse distinct proteins that play important roles in many biological processes. However, the molecular evolution and phylogenetic relationships of TRIM genes in primates are still elusive. We performed a genomic approach to identify and characterize TRIM genes in human and other six primate genomes. In total, 537 putative functional TRIM genes were identified and TRIM members varied among primates. A neighbor joining (NJ) tree based on the protein sequences of 82 human TRIM genes indicates seven TRIM groups, which is consistent with the results based on the architectural motifs. Many TRIM gene duplication events were identified, indicating a recent expansion of TRIM family in primate lineages. Interestingly, the chimpanzee genome shows the greatest TRIM gene expansion among the primates; however, its congeneric species, bonobo, has the least number of TRIM genes and no duplication event. Moreover, we identified a ~ 200 kb deletion on chromosome 11 of bonobos that results in a loss of cluster3 TRIM genes. The loss of TRIM genes might have occurred within the last 2 mys. Analysis of positive selection recovered 9 previously reported and 21 newly identified positively selected TRIM genes. In particular, most positive selected sites are located in the B30.2 domains. Our results have provided new insight into the evolution of primate TRIM genes and will broaden our understanding on the functions of the TRIM family.

三方基序（TRIM）基因家族编码各种不同的蛋白质，这些蛋白质在许多生物学过程中都起着重要的作用。但是，在灵长类动物中TRIM基因的分子进化和系统发育关系仍然难以捉摸。我们执行了一种基因组方法来识别和表征人类和其他六个灵长类动物基因组中的TRIM基因。总共，鉴定了537个推定的功能性TRIM基因，并且灵长类中TRIM成员不同。基于82个人类TRIM基因的蛋白质序列的邻居连接树（NJ）指示七个TRIM组，这与基于结构基序的结果一致。许多TRIM鉴定出基因重复事件，表明TRIM家族最近在灵长类谱系中扩展。有趣的是，黑猩猩的基因组在灵长类动物中显示出最大的TRIM基因扩展。但是，其同类物种species黑猩猩的TRIM基因数量最少，没有重复事件。此外，我们在bo黑猩猩的11号染色体上发现了〜200 kb的缺失，这导致cluster3 TRIM基因的丢失。TRIM基因的丢失可能在最近的2年内发生。阳性选择的分析回收了9个先前报告的和21个新发现的阳性选择的TRIM基因。特别是，大多数积极的选择位点都位于B30.2域中。我们的结果为灵长类TRIM基因的进化提供了新的见解，并将拓宽我们对TRIM家族功能的理解。