The trend to delay pregnancy in the USA has resulted in the number of advanced maternal age (AMA) pregnancies to also increase. In humans, AMA is associated with a variety of pregnancy-related pathologies such as preeclampsia (PE). While AMA is known to be a factor which contributes to the development of pregnancy-induced diseases, the molecular and cellular mechanisms giving rise to this phenomenon are still very limited. This is due in part to lack of a preclinical model which has physiologic relevance to human pregnancy while also allowing control of environmental and genetic variability inherent in human studies. To determine potential physiologic relevance of the vervet/African green monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) as a preclinical model to study the effects of AMA on adaptations to pregnancy, thirteen age-diverse pregnant vervet monkeys (3–16 years old) were utilized to measure third trimester blood pressure (BP), complete blood count, iron measurements, and hormone levels. Significant associations were observed between third trimester diastolic BP and maternal age. Furthermore, the presence of leukocytosis with enhanced circulating neutrophils was observed in AMA mothers compared to younger mothers. Moreover, we observed a negative relationship between maternal age and estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol levels. Finally, offspring born to AMA mothers displayed a postnatal growth retardation phenotype. These studies demonstrate physiologic impairment in the adaptation to pregnancy in AMA vervet/African green monkeys. Our data indicate that the vervet/African green monkey may serve as a useful preclinical model and tool for deciphering pathological mediators of maternal disease in AMA pregnancy.

美国推迟怀孕的趋势导致高龄产妇 (AMA) 怀孕的数量也有所增加。在人类中，AMA 与多种妊娠相关疾病有关，例如先兆子痫 (PE)。虽然已知 AMA 是导致妊娠相关疾病发生的一个因素，但引起这种现象的分子和细胞机制仍然非常有限。部分原因是缺乏与人类怀孕具有生理相关性的临床前模型，同时也允许控制人类研究中固有的环境和遗传变异性。确定长尾黑颚猴/非洲绿猴（Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus）的潜在生理相关性作为研究 AMA 对妊娠适应影响的临床前模型，使用 13 只不同年龄的怀孕黑长尾猴（3-16 岁）来测量妊娠晚期血压 (BP)、全血细胞计数、铁测量和激素水平。观察到妊娠晚期舒张压与母亲年龄之间存在显着相关性。此外，与年轻母亲相比，AMA 母亲的白细胞增多，循环中性粒细胞增多。此外，我们观察到母亲年龄与雌二醇、黄体酮和皮质醇水平之间呈负相关。最后，AMA 母亲所生的后代表现出产后生长迟缓表型。这些研究表明，AMA 长尾黑颚猴/非洲绿猴在适应怀孕方面存在生理障碍。