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Advanced maternal age impacts physiologic adaptations to pregnancy in vervet monkeys

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Abstract

The trend to delay pregnancy in the USA has resulted in the number of advanced maternal age (AMA) pregnancies to also increase. In humans, AMA is associated with a variety of pregnancy-related pathologies such as preeclampsia (PE). While AMA is known to be a factor which contributes to the development of pregnancy-induced diseases, the molecular and cellular mechanisms giving rise to this phenomenon are still very limited. This is due in part to lack of a preclinical model which has physiologic relevance to human pregnancy while also allowing control of environmental and genetic variability inherent in human studies. To determine potential physiologic relevance of the vervet/African green monkey (Chlorocebus aethiops sabaeus) as a preclinical model to study the effects of AMA on adaptations to pregnancy, thirteen age-diverse pregnant vervet monkeys (3–16 years old) were utilized to measure third trimester blood pressure (BP), complete blood count, iron measurements, and hormone levels. Significant associations were observed between third trimester diastolic BP and maternal age. Furthermore, the presence of leukocytosis with enhanced circulating neutrophils was observed in AMA mothers compared to younger mothers. Moreover, we observed a negative relationship between maternal age and estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol levels. Finally, offspring born to AMA mothers displayed a postnatal growth retardation phenotype. These studies demonstrate physiologic impairment in the adaptation to pregnancy in AMA vervet/African green monkeys. Our data indicate that the vervet/African green monkey may serve as a useful preclinical model and tool for deciphering pathological mediators of maternal disease in AMA pregnancy.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Christina May Long and Justin Herr for their assistance with the Vervet Research Colony and Dr. Tom Register and Ms. Maryanne Post for their technical assistance with estradiol measurements. We would also like to thank the Biomarker Analytical Core of Wake Forest University Health Sciences for their assistance with cortisol and progesterone measurements.

Funding

NIH P40 OD010965, NIH T35 OD010946, NIH UL1-TR001420, NIH R25 HL092618.

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  1. Maren Plant and Cecilia Armstrong contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Department of Pathology, Section on Comparative Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA

    Maren Plant, Cecilia Armstrong, Alistaire Ruggiero, Chrissy Sherrill, Beth Uberseder, Rachel Jeffries, Justin Nevarez, Matthew J. Jorgensen, Kylie Kavanagh & Matthew A. Quinn

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Plant, M., Armstrong, C., Ruggiero, A. et al. Advanced maternal age impacts physiologic adaptations to pregnancy in vervet monkeys. GeroScience 42, 1649–1661 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11357-020-00219-8

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