Morphological characteristics are known to be important predictors of victory in aggressive disputes in the animal world. Among anurans, however, acoustic communication also plays an important role in intrasex conflicts. Although there is evidence for the influence of spectral parameters of calls (e.g., fundamental and dominant frequencies) in anuran disputes, the role that temporal parameters (e.g., duration and repetition rate) play in success during physical conflicts is still poorly understood. We describe the behavior of male frogs in agonistic interactions and investigate the functions of the different types of calls emitted in different social contexts. We also evaluate how body characteristics (mass and body size) and bioacoustic characteristics (repetition rate of the calls) influence success in physical conflicts of Pithecopus nordestinus (Anura: Phyllomedusidae). Agonistic disputes involved gradation in the emission of calls, visual displays, and physical clashes. The fighting call increased in proportion during clashes, indicating a function associated with aggression/intimidation. The uneasiness call (new subcategory herein defined) was only performed by losers during physical clashes, suggesting a meaning of submission or restlessness. No differences were found in any of the morphological parameters between winners and losers of physical disputes. On the other hand, the repetition rate of the aggressive call was positively related to success in fights and proved to be a good predictor of success in fights between males of P. nordestinus. Our results contribute to understanding the influence of temporal parameters of calls on success in physical disputes of this Neotropical treefrog.

中文翻译：

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好战士又是好歌手吗？树蛙Pithecopus nordestinus（Phyllomedusidae）的声学特性与战斗成功之间的关系

众所周知，形态特征是动物界胜诉纠纷获胜的重要预测指标。但是，在无尾类动物中，声音传播在性别冲突中也起着重要作用。尽管有证据表明在无名争端中，呼叫的频谱参数（例如，基频和主导频率）会受到影响，但是，在物理冲突期间，时间参数（例如，持续时间和重复率）在成功中所起的作用仍然知之甚少。我们描述了雄性青蛙在激动互动中的行为，并研究了在不同社会背景下发出的不同类型的电话的功能。我们还评估了身体特征（质量和身体大小）和生物声学特征（呼叫的重复率）如何影响身体冲突的成功。Pithecopus nordestinus（阿努拉：Phyllomedusidae）。激烈的纠纷涉及呼叫，视觉显示和物理冲突的发出程度。在冲突期间，战斗电话成比例增加，表明与侵略/恐吓有关的功能。不适感呼叫（此处定义为新的子类别）仅由输家在身体冲突期间执行，暗示了屈服或不安的含义。物理纠纷的赢家和输家之间在任何形态参数上均未发现差异。另一方面，好斗的电话的重复率与打架成功成正比，并被证明可以很好地预测诺德斯丁斯男性之间打架的成功。。我们的结果有助于理解呼叫的时间参数对这种新热带树蛙在身体纠纷中成功的影响。