Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are common diseases that threaten human health. The CNS is highly enriched in lipids, which play important roles in maintaining normal physiological functions of the nervous system. Moreover, many CNS diseases are closely associated with abnormal lipid metabolism. Exosomes are a subtype of extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from multivesicular bodies (MVBs) . Through novel forms of intercellular communication, exosomes secreted by brain cells can mediate inter-neuronal signaling and play important roles in the pathogenesis of CNS diseases. Lipids are essential components of exosomes, with cholesterol and sphingolipid as representative constituents of its bilayer membrane. In the CNS, lipids are closely related to the formation and function of exosomes. Their dysregulation causes abnormalities in exosomes, which may, in turn, lead to dysfunctions in inter-neuronal communication and promote diseases. Therefore, the role of lipids in the treatment of neurological diseases through exosomes has received increasing attention. The aim of this review is to discuss the relationship between lipids and exosomes and their roles in CNS diseases.

中文翻译：

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外泌体脂质在中枢神经系统疾病中的作用。

中枢神经系统（CNS）疾病是威胁人类健康的常见疾病。中枢神经系统富含脂质，在维持神经系统的正常生理功能方面起着重要作用。此外，许多中枢神经系统疾病与脂质代谢异常密切相关。外泌体是从多泡体 (MVB) 分泌的细胞外囊泡 (EV) 的一种亚型。通过新形式的细胞间通讯，脑细胞分泌的外泌体可以介导神经元间信号传导，并在中枢神经系统疾病的发病机制中发挥重要作用。脂质是外泌体的重要组成部分，胆固醇和鞘脂是其双层膜的代表性成分。在中枢神经系统中，脂质与外泌体的形成和功能密切相关。它们的失调导致外泌体异常，反过来，这可能导致神经元间交流功能障碍并促进疾病。因此，脂质通过外泌体治疗神经系统疾病的作用越来越受到重视。本综述的目的是讨论脂质和外泌体之间的关系及其在中枢神经系统疾病中的作用。