Shot peening was induced by utilizing the particles that flow out of the nozzle in a WPPA-HVOF process. For investigation of the peening particles, a model was built to simulate the HVOF spraying process including the temperature, velocity, pressure field of the flame, and the reaction of kerosene oxidation. The effect of incident velocity, incident position, and the diameter on the in-flight particle was presented. Incident velocity is an important factor for the synchronization of shot peening and coating deposition. The critical velocity was introduced to describe the particle state after hitting onto the substrate. The velocity and temperature of small particles injected in the barrel were measured experimentally to verify the model reliability. Experimental results reveal that the particle injected in the barrel deposited onto the substrate and the particle injected out of the nozzle rebounded, which agrees well with the predicted result.

中文翻译：

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热粒子喷丸辅助高速氧气燃料 (WPPA-HVOF) 喷涂中粒子的数值研究

喷丸强化是通过在 WPPA-HVOF 工艺中利用从喷嘴流出的颗粒来诱导的。为了研究喷丸颗粒，建立了一个模型来模拟 HVOF 喷涂过程，包括火焰的温度、速度、压力场和煤油氧化反应。介绍了入射速度、入射位置和直径对飞行中粒子的影响。入射速度是喷丸硬化和涂层沉积同步的重要因素。引入临界速度来描述粒子撞击基板后的状态。实验测量了注入机筒的小颗粒的速度和温度，以验证模型的可靠性。