Abstract

The results of studies on the frost resistance of Olea europaea L. varieties and its subspecies O. europaea subsp. cuspidata (Wall. and G. Don) Cif. under the conditions of the Southern Coast of Crimea (SCC), as well as the influence of temperature close to the absolute minimum value (–15°С) on the state of the photosynthetic apparatus, catalase activity, polyphenol oxidase, and the content of proline and phenolic compounds, are shown. It was established that a relatively high frost resistance is characteristic of the Nikitskaya variety under the conditions of the SCC. Varieties Ascoliano, Coregiolo, and Razzo turned out to be slightly frost-resistant. Minimum resistance was detected in the subspecies O. europaea subsp. cuspidata. The temperature of –15°C led to irreversible disruptions in the photosynthetic apparatus of weak varieties Razzo, Coregiolo and O. europaea subsp. cuspidata, which manifested in a significant decrease in photosynthetic activity immediately after the end of low-temperature exposure (by 80.19, 50.0, and 89.78%, respectively) as well as a fluorescence decay coefficient below the vital norm. After 24 h, a slowdown in the decrease in the parameters of chlorophyll fluorescence induction (CFI) was noted in the Ascoliano and Nikitskaya varieties. It was revealed that negative temperatures contribute to a decrease in the activity of catalase in weakly resistant O. europaea genotypes (by 40–60% on average) in contrast to the frost-resistant variety Nikitskaya, in which the activity of this enzyme remained almost unchanged. The change in polyphenol oxidase activity was multidirectional. In the Razzo and Coregiolo varieties, an increase in polyphenol oxidase activity was noted (19 and 24%, respectively). A decrease (by 8 and 37%, respectively) was noted in the subspecies O. europaea subsp. cuspidata and Nikitskaya variety. It was shown that, under the influence of negative temperatures, representatives of O. europaea decrease proline concentration in leaf tissues (by 17–55%). The most significant changes were detected in the variety Coregiolo (by 45.09%). The total content of phenolic compounds decreased in all weakly frost-resistant varieties and O. europaea subsp. cuspidata by 7–42% and remained unchanged in the frost-resistant variety Nikitskaya. It has been established that negative temperatures cause irreversible changes in the photosynthetic apparatus in weakly resistant representatives of O. europaea. The correlation of the degree of frost resistance of the studied genotypes with the activity of catalase and with the content of proline and phenolic compounds in leaf tissues was revealed.

中文翻译：

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Оleaeuropaea L.抗冻性的生理和生化特征。

摘要

油橄榄（Olea europaea L.）及其亚种O.europaea亚种耐寒性的研究结果。cuspidata（Wall。和G. Don）在克里米亚南部海岸（SCC）的条件下，以及温度接近绝对最小值（–15°С）对光合作用状态，过氧化氢酶活性，多酚氧化酶和显示了脯氨酸和酚类化合物。已经确定，在SCC条件下，Nikitskaya品种具有较高的抗冻性。品种Ascoliano，Coregiolo和Razzo证明具有一定的抗冻性。在欧亚油菜亚种中检测到最小的抗性。cuspidata。的-15℃的温度下导致的弱品种Razzo，Coregiolo和光合器官的不可逆的破坏O.油橄榄亚种。cuspidata，这表现为在低温暴露结束后光合活性显着下降（分别下降了80.19、50.0和89.78％），并且荧光衰减系数低于重要标准。24小时后，在Ascoliano和Nikitskaya品种中发现了叶绿素荧光诱导（CFI）参数下降的减慢。结果表明，负温度会导致抗性较弱的欧罗巴木中过氧化氢酶活性的降低。基因型（平均减少40-60％）与抗冻品种Nikitskaya相比，后者的酶活性几乎保持不变。多酚氧化酶活性的变化是多向的。在Razzo和Coregiolo品种中，多酚氧化酶活性有所提高（分别为19％和24％）。在欧洲欧亚种亚种中减少了（分别减少了8％和37％）。cuspidata和Nikitskaya品种。结果表明，在负温度的影响下，欧米茄的代表降低叶片组织中脯氨酸的浓度（降低17-55％）。在Coregiolo品种中检测到最显着的变化（45.09％）。在所有抗冻性较弱的品种和欧亚油棕亚种中，酚类化合物的总含量均下降。耐寒品种Nikitskaya的虎皮草数量下降了7–42％，并且保持不变。已经确定的是负温度导致在弱抗性代表光合器官的不可逆变化O.油橄榄。揭示了所研究基因型的抗冻性程度与过氧化氢酶活性以及叶片组织中脯氨酸和酚类化合物含量的相关性。