Abstract

The spatiotemporal analysis of the relationship between the total column water vapor in winter and the sea surface temperature anomalies in the equatorial Pacific was performed. It is shown that this relationship is manifested with a delay of not more than a month for the continents located at the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Depending on the sign of the temperature anomaly in the equatorial Pacific, in the atmosphere over the land in the zone of 30°–75° N in winter water vapor content decreases or increases, thus leading to the slowdown or enhancement of the effect of anthropogenic global warming. The long periods with the low intensity of El Niño and with the frequent occurrence of La Niña cause a trend towards a decrease in total column water vapor. This explains winter air temperature decrease over the land in the zone of 30°–75° N in the middle of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. Changes in the phase of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation mainly characterized by one sign of the temperature anomaly in the equatorial Pacific are accompanied by a change in the winter air temperature trend in the middle and high latitudes but have little effect on the rate of summer air temperature growth.

中文翻译：

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北半球中高纬度地区冬季气温的当前变化

摘要

进行了冬季总柱水汽与赤道太平洋海表温度异常之间关系的时空分析。结果表明，这种关系对于北半球中高纬度大陆的延迟不超过一个月。根据赤道太平洋温度异常的迹象，冬季30°–75°N区域陆地上的大气中水汽含量会减少或增加，从而导致人为影响的减缓或增强全球暖化。厄尔尼诺现象强度低且长期发生拉尼娜现象的时期较长，导致塔内总水蒸气减少的趋势。这解释了20世纪中叶和21世纪初冬季30°–75°N区域陆地上的气温下降。年代际太平洋涛动的相位变化主要特征是赤道太平洋温度异常的迹象，伴随着中高纬度地区冬季气温趋势的变化，但对夏季气温的变化影响很小增长。