Intestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) can be a severe threat to immunocompromised patients. This is particularly true for those undergoing chemotherapy and hemodialysis. The present research is aimed at identifying intestinal parasites that might be present in immunocompromised patients. In this cross-sectional study 1040 stool samples were collected from March to September 2017. Six hundred and forty-one stool samples from immunocompromised patients (279 samples from hemodialysis patients and 362 samples from chemotherapy patients) and 399 samples from the control group were collected in Guilan province, Iran. The samples were tested by direct, formalin-ether methods for protozoa and ova of intestinal parasites and Ziehl-Neelsen staining methods for coccidian parasites such as Cryptosporidium species. The overall parasitic infection rate was highest (15%) in hemodialysis patients and 11.3% in chemotherapy patients, whereas the lowest rate was observed (7.3%) in the control group. The infectivity rates were statistically significant (P = 0.008) when compared with the control group. The parasites found were Blastocystis hominis (8.9% of the cases), Entamoeba coli (1.6%), Iodamoeba butschlii (0.8%), Endolimax nana (0.6%), Chilomastix mesnili (0.5%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.5%), and Taenia species (0.15%), whereas Giardia lamblia was detected only in the control group. There was not a correlation between prevalence of parasites with age or education levels of the infected individuals. Results of the present study suggest that periodic stool examinations in special parasitological laboratories should be included as part of routine and general medical care.

肠道寄生虫感染（IPI）可能会对免疫功能低下的患者造成严重威胁。对于那些接受化学疗法和血液透析的人尤其如此。本研究旨在鉴定免疫受损患者中可能存在的肠道寄生虫。在这项横断面研究中，从2017年3月至2017年9月收集了1040份粪便样本。从免疫受损患者中采集了614份粪便样本（血液透析患者279份样本，化学疗法患者362份样本）和对照组399份样本在伊朗桂兰省。通过直接的福尔马林-醚方法检测肠道寄生虫的原生动物和卵，并通过球菌寄生虫（如隐孢子虫）的Ziehl-Neelsen染色方法测试样品种类。血液透析患者的总寄生虫感染率最高（15％），化疗患者的总寄生虫感染率最高（11.3％），而对照组的总寄生虫感染率最低（7.3％）。 与对照组相比，感染率具有统计学意义（P = 0.008）。寄生虫发现是人芽囊原虫（病例8.9％），内阿米巴大肠杆菌（1.6％），Iodamoeba butschlii（0.8％），Endolimax绦虫（0.6％），Chilomastix mesnili（0.5％），粪类圆线虫（0.5％），和en虫（0.15％），而贾第鞭毛虫仅在对照组中被检测到。寄生虫的流行与受感染个体的年龄或受教育程度之间没有关联。本研究的结果表明，应在特殊的寄生虫实验室中定期进行粪便检查，作为常规和常规医疗的一部分。