Bactrocera zonata is a devastating invasive pest of tropical and subtropical horticultural crops. Since its detection in Sudan in 2011, almost no information has emerged regarding its bio-ecology. This study aimed to determine the pest’s range and potential distribution in Sudan, it’s relative abundance, infestation level, associated indigenous natural enemies and assess their role in its natural control. The infestation levels of B. zonata and B. dorsalis were assessed in fruit orchards between 2014 and 2016. MaxEnt software was used to predict the distribution of both species countrywide using occurrence points. Out of eighteen states, B. zonata was recorded coexisting with B. dorsalis in nine states, with relative abundance ranging between 0.2–100%. This co-occurrence was also confirmed by MaxEnt that showed high climate suitability in these states, with the mean annual temperature being the most important variable affecting the distribution of both species. Fruits infested with B. zonata included mango, guava, grapefruit, oranges and papaya. Three parasitioids; Tetrastichus giffardianus, Agonaspis sp. and Psytallia sp. were found associated with B. zonata. Our results provide evidence that the pest is widely spread across the country and poses a significant threat of invasion into neighboring countries and beyond unless early detection and eradication programs are applied.

中文翻译：

---

入侵性桃果蝇 Bactrocera zonata (Saunders)（双翅目：实蝇科）及其相关天敌在苏丹的分布、相对丰度和侵染程度

Bactrocera zonata 是一种破坏性的热带和亚热带园艺作物入侵害虫。自 2011 年在苏丹发现以来，几乎没有关于其生物生态的信息出现。本研究旨在确定该害虫在苏丹的范围和潜在分布、其相对丰度、侵染程度、相关的本土天敌，并评估它们在其自然防治中的作用。2014 年至 2016 年间在果园中评估了 B. zonata 和 B. dorsalis 的侵染水平。 MaxEnt 软件用于使用发生点预测这两种物种在全国的分布。在 18 个州中，B. zonata 在 9 个州与 B. dorsalis 共存，相对丰度在 0.2-100% 之间。MaxEnt 也证实了这种共存现象，表明这些州的气候适宜性很高，年平均温度是影响这两种物种分布的最重要变量。感染 B. zonata 的水果包括芒果、番石榴、葡萄柚、橙子和木瓜。三个寄生虫；Tetrastichus giffardianus, Agonaspis sp. 和 Psytallia sp。发现与 B. zonata 相关。我们的研究结果提供证据表明，这种害虫在全国范围内广泛传播，除非采用早期检测和根除计划，否则会对邻国及其他地区的入侵构成重大威胁。Tetrastichus giffardianus, Agonaspis sp. 和 Psytallia sp。发现与 B. zonata 相关。我们的研究结果提供证据表明，这种害虫在全国范围内广泛传播，除非采用早期检测和根除计划，否则会对邻国及其他地区的入侵构成重大威胁。Tetrastichus giffardianus, Agonaspis sp. 和 Psytallia sp。发现与 B. zonata 相关。我们的研究结果提供证据表明，这种害虫在全国范围内广泛传播，除非采用早期检测和根除计划，否则会对邻国及其他地区的入侵构成重大威胁。