Micro-nano structure regulation of polyaniline and impedance-matching design of its composites are two crucial but challenging works in microwave absorption. In this study, an in situ sacrificial templates polymerization is applied to regulate the porous structures of polyaniline decorated on vapor-grown carbon fiber (VGCF). By manipulating porous polyaniline structures, heterogeneous interfaces, polarization centers, and geometric structures are introduced into porous VGCF@polyaniline nanohybrids. Porous VGCF@polyaniline demonstrated robust microwave absorption ability with a minimum reflection loss of − 55.9 dB at 10.3 GHz with a filler loading of 18 wt% and a thinner thickness of 1.33 mm. The investigation of the novel porous polyaniline structures and composition relationship suggest that the microwave absorption ability of porous VGCF@polyaniline is originated from the optimal impedance-matching ratio, enhanced dielectric loss, and synergistic effect, which is enhanced by conductive loss and interfacial polarization. A universal approach was proposed to address the critical issue of hybridizing porous VGCF@polyaniline with flexible polyurethane sponge as practical electromagnetic absorption structures. The hybrids exhibited interesting dual absorption properties with minimum reflection loss of − 28.8 and − 35.5 dB at frequencies of 8.5 and 8.7 GHz, respectively. This study provides a new approach for designing lightweight and practical microwave absorbers.

聚苯胺的微纳米结构调节及其复合材料的阻抗匹配设计是微波吸收中两个至关重要但具有挑战性的工作。在这项研究中，采用原位牺牲模板聚合来调节气相生长碳纤维（VGCF）上装饰的聚苯胺的多孔结构。通过操纵多孔聚苯胺结构，将异质界面，极化中心和几何结构引入到多孔VGCF @聚苯胺纳米杂化物中。多孔VGCF @聚苯胺显示出强大的微波吸收能力，在10.3 GHz处的最小反射损耗为− 55.9 dB，填料负载为18 wt％，较薄的厚度为1.33 mm。对新型多孔聚苯胺的结构和组成关系的研究表明，多孔VGCF @聚苯胺的微波吸收能力源于最佳的阻抗匹配比，增强的介电损耗和协同效应，其通过导电损耗和界面极化而增强。提出了一种通用方法来解决将多孔VGCF @聚苯胺与柔性聚氨酯海绵混合作为实际电磁吸收结构的关键问题。杂化体表现出有趣的双重吸收特性，在8.5 GHz和8.7 GHz频率下的最小反射损耗分别为− 28.8和− 35.5 dB。这项研究为设计轻巧实用的微波吸收器提供了一种新方法。增强的介电损耗和协同效应，可通过导电损耗和界面极化增强。提出了一种通用方法来解决将多孔VGCF @聚苯胺与柔性聚氨酯海绵混合作为实际电磁吸收结构的关键问题。杂化体表现出有趣的双重吸收特性，在8.5 GHz和8.7 GHz频率下的最小反射损耗分别为− 28.8和− 35.5 dB。这项研究为设计轻巧实用的微波吸收器提供了一种新方法。增强的介电损耗和协同效应，可通过导电损耗和界面极化增强。提出了一种通用方法来解决将多孔VGCF @聚苯胺与柔性聚氨酯海绵混合作为实际电磁吸收结构的关键问题。杂化体表现出有趣的双重吸收特性，在8.5 GHz和8.7 GHz频率下的最小反射损耗分别为− 28.8和− 35.5 dB。这项研究为设计轻巧实用的微波吸收器提供了一种新方法。杂化体表现出有趣的双重吸收特性，在8.5 GHz和8.7 GHz频率下的最小反射损耗分别为− 28.8和− 35.5 dB。这项研究为设计轻巧实用的微波吸收器提供了一种新方法。杂化体表现出有趣的双重吸收特性，在8.5 GHz和8.7 GHz频率下的最小反射损耗分别为− 28.8和− 35.5 dB。这项研究为设计轻巧实用的微波吸收器提供了一种新方法。