Urban tunnels crossing faults are always at the risk of severe damages. In this paper, the effects of a reverse and a normal fault movement on a transversely crossing shallow shotcreted tunnel are investigated by 3D finite difference analysis. After verifying the accuracy of the numerical simulation predictions with the centrifuge physical model results, a parametric study is then conducted. That is, the effects of various parameters such as the sprayed concrete thickness, the geo-mechanical properties of soil, the tunnel depth, and the fault plane dip angle are studied on the displacements of the ground surface and the tunnel structure, and on the plastic strains of the soil mass around tunnel. The results of each case of reverse and normal faulting are independently discussed and then compared with each other. It is obtained that deeper tunnels show greater displacements for both types of faulting.

中文翻译：

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穿越反向断层或正断层的浅层喷射混凝土隧道的三维有限差分分析：参数研究

穿越断层的城市隧道总是有遭受严重破坏的风险。在本文中，通过3D有限差分分析研究了反向和正常断层运动对横穿浅喷隧道的影响。在用离心机物理模型结果验证数值模拟预测的准确性之后，然后进行参数研究。也就是说，研究了各种参数的影响，如喷射混凝土的厚度，土壤的地质力学特性，隧道深度和断层平面倾角对地表和隧道结构的位移以及对地基的影响。隧道周围土体的塑性应变。分别讨论反向故障和正常故障的每种情况的结果，然后相互比较。