Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Three-dimensional finite difference analysis of shallow sprayed concrete tunnels crossing a reverse fault or a normal fault: A parametric study

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Urban tunnels crossing faults are always at the risk of severe damages. In this paper, the effects of a reverse and a normal fault movement on a transversely crossing shallow shotcreted tunnel are investigated by 3D finite difference analysis. After verifying the accuracy of the numerical simulation predictions with the centrifuge physical model results, a parametric study is then conducted. That is, the effects of various parameters such as the sprayed concrete thickness, the geo-mechanical properties of soil, the tunnel depth, and the fault plane dip angle are studied on the displacements of the ground surface and the tunnel structure, and on the plastic strains of the soil mass around tunnel. The results of each case of reverse and normal faulting are independently discussed and then compared with each other. It is obtained that deeper tunnels show greater displacements for both types of faulting.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Baziar M H, Nabizadeh A, Lee C J, Hung W Y. Centrifuge modeling of interaction between reverse faulting and tunnel. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2014, 65: 151–164

    Google Scholar 

  2. Baziar M H, Nabizadeh A, Mehrabi R, Lee C J, Hung W Y. Evaluation of underground tunnel response to reverse fault rupture using numerical approach. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2016, 83: 1–17

    Google Scholar 

  3. Kiani M, Akhlaghi T, Ghalandarzadeh A. Experimental modeling of segmental shallow tunnels in alluvial affected by normal faults. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2016, 51: 108–119

    Google Scholar 

  4. Lin M L, Chung C F, Jeng F S, Yao T C. The deformation of overburden soil induced by thrust faulting and its impact on underground tunnels. Engineering Geology, 2007, 92(3–4): 110–132

    Google Scholar 

  5. Wang Z, Zhang Z, Gao B. Seismic behavior of the tunnel across active fault. In: The 15th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Lisbon, 2012

  6. Lin M L, Chung C F, Jeng F S. Deformation of overburden soil induced by thrust fault slip. Engineering Geology, 2006, 88(1–2): 70–89

    Google Scholar 

  7. Loukidis D, Bouckovalas G D, Papadimitriou A G. Analysis of fault rupture propagation through uniform soil cover. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2009, 29(11–12): 1389–1404

    Google Scholar 

  8. Mortazavi Zanjani M, Soroush A. Numerical modelling of fault rupture propagation through layered sands. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2017, 23(9): 1139–1155

    Google Scholar 

  9. Hazeghian M, Soroush A. DEM simulations to study the effects of the ground surface geometry on dip-slip faulting through granular soils. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering, 2020, 24(7): 861–879

    Google Scholar 

  10. Anastasopoulos I, Callerio A, Bransby M F, Davies M C R, Nahas A E, Faccioli E, Gazetas G, Masella A, Paolucci R, Pecker A, Rossignol E. Numerical analyses of fault-foundation interaction. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2008, 6(4): 645–675

    Google Scholar 

  11. Anastasopoulos I, Gazetas G. Foundation-structure systems over a rupturing normal fault: Part II. Analysis of the Kocaeli case histories. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2007, 5(3): 277–301

    Google Scholar 

  12. Bransby M, Davies M, El Nahas A, Nagaoka S. Centrifuge modelling of reverse fault-foundation interaction. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2008, 6(4): 607–628

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bransby M, Davies M, Nahas A E. Centrifuge modelling of normal fault-foundation interaction. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 2008, 6(4): 585–605

    Google Scholar 

  14. Ng C W W, Soomro M A, Hong Y. Three-dimensional centrifuge modelling of pile group responses to side-by-side twin tunnelling. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2014, 43: 350–361

    Google Scholar 

  15. Soomro M A, Ng C W W, Liu K, Memon N A. Pile responses to side-by-side twin tunnelling in stiff clay: Effects of different tunnel depths relative to pile. Computers and Geotechnics, 2017, 84: 101–116

    Google Scholar 

  16. Kiani M. Effects of Surface Fault Rupture on Shallow Segmental Soil Tunnels-Centrifuge Modeling. Tabriz: University of Tabriz, 2016 (in Persian)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Do N A, Dias D. A comparison of 2D and 3D numerical simulations of tunnelling in soft soils. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2017, 76(3): 102

    Google Scholar 

  18. Do N A, Dias D, Oreste P. 2D seismic numerical analysis of segmental tunnel lining behaviour. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, 2014, 47(3): 206–216

    Google Scholar 

  19. Do N A, Dias D, Oreste P. Numerical investigation of segmental tunnel linings-comparison between the hyperstatic reaction method and a 3D numerical model. Geomechanics and Engineering, 2018, 14(3): 293–299

    Google Scholar 

  20. Do N A, Dias D, Oreste P, Djeran-Maigre I. 2D numerical investigations of twin tunnel interaction. Geomechanics & Engineering, 2014, 6(3): 263–275

    Google Scholar 

  21. Do N A, Dias D, Oreste P, Djeran-Maigre I. The behaviour of the segmental tunnel lining studied by the hyperstatic reaction method. European Journal of Environmental and Civil Engineering. 2014, 18(4): 489–510

    Google Scholar 

  22. Do N A, Dias D, Oreste P. 3D numerical investigation on the interaction between mechanized twin tunnels in soft ground. Environmental Earth Sciences, 2015, 73(5): 2101–2113

    Google Scholar 

  23. Do N A, Dias D, Oreste P, Djeran-Maigre I. 2D numerical investigation of segmental tunnel lining behavior. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2013, 37: 115–127

    Google Scholar 

  24. Do N A, Dias D, Oreste P, Djeran-Maigre I. 2D tunnel numerical investigation: The influence of the simplified excavation method on tunnel behaviour. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 2014, 32(1): 43–58

    Google Scholar 

  25. Do N A, Dias D, Oreste P, Djeran-Maigre I. Three-dimensional numerical simulation for mechanized tunnelling in soft ground: The influence of the joint pattern. Acta Geotechnica, 2014, 9(4): 673–694

    Google Scholar 

  26. Do N A, Dias D, Oreste P, Djeran-Maigre I. Three-dimensional numerical simulation of a mechanized twin tunnels in soft ground. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, 2014, 42: 40–51

    Google Scholar 

  27. Do N A, Dias D, Oreste P, Djeran-Maigre I. Behaviour of segmental tunnel linings under seismic loads studied with the hyperstatic reaction method. Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 2015, 79: 108–117

    Google Scholar 

  28. Rabczuk T, Ren H, Zhuang X. A nonlocal operator method for partial differential equations with application to electromagnetic waveguide problem. Computers, Materials & Continua, 2019, 59(1): 31–35

    Google Scholar 

  29. Guo H, Zhuang X, Rabczuk T. A deep collocation method for the bending analysis of Kirchhoff plate. Computers, Materials & Continua, 2019, 59(2): 433–456

    Google Scholar 

  30. Anitescu C, Atroshchenko E, Alajlan N, Rabczuk T. Artificial neural network methods for the solution of second order boundary value problems. Computers, Materials & Continua, 2019, 59(1): 345–359

    Google Scholar 

  31. Itasca. Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua in 3-Dimension (FLAC3D V3.1). Itasca Consulting Group, 2007

  32. Areias P, Rabczuk T. Steiner-point free edge cutting of tetrahedral meshes with applications in fracture. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 2017, 132: 27–41

    Google Scholar 

  33. Liu G, Zhuang X, Cui Z. Three-dimensional slope stability analysis using independent cover based numerical manifold and vector method. Engineering Geology, 2017, 225: 83–95

    Google Scholar 

  34. Zhang Y, Lackner R, Zeiml M, Mang H A. Strong discontinuity embedded approach with standard SOS formulation: Element formulation, energy-based crack-tracking strategy, and validations. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2015, 287: 335–366

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  35. Zhang Y, Zhuang X, Lackner R. Stability analysis of shotcrete supported crown of NATM tunnels with discontinuity layout optimization. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 2018, 42(11): 1199–1216

    Google Scholar 

  36. Ren H, Zhuang X, Rabczuk T. Dual-horizon peridynamics: A stable solution to varying horizons. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2017, 318: 762–782

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  37. Zhang Y, Zhuang X. Cracking elements: A self-propagating strong discontinuity embedded approach for quasi-brittle fracture. Finite Elements in Analysis and Design, 2018, 144: 84–100

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  38. Rabczuk T, Zi G, Bordas S, Nguyen-Xuan H. A simple and robust three-dimensional cracking-particle method without enrichment. Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, 2010, 199(37–40): 2437–2455

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  39. Zhang Y, Zhuang X. Cracking elements method for dynamic brittle fracture. Theoretical and Applied Fracture Mechanics, 2019, 102: 1–9

    Google Scholar 

  40. Zhang Y. Multi-slicing strategy for the three-dimensional discontinuity layout optimization (3D DLO). International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 2017, 41(4): 488–507

    Google Scholar 

  41. Sloan S W. Upper bound limit analysis using finite elements and linear programming. International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 1989, 13(3): 263–282

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  42. Areias P, Reinoso J, Camanho P P, César de Sá J, Rabczuk T. Effective 2D and 3D crack propagation with local mesh refinement and the screened Poisson equation. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 2018, 189: 339–360

    Google Scholar 

  43. Rabczuk T, Belytschko T. Cracking particles: A simplified meshfree method for arbitrary evolving cracks. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2004, 61(13): 2316–2343

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  44. Ren H, Zhuang X, Cai Y, Rabczuk T. Dual-horizon peridynamics. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 2016, 108(12): 1451–1476

    MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  45. Martínez-Galván S A, Romo M P. Assessment of an alternative to deep foundations in compressible clays: The structural cell foundation. Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering, 2018, 12(1): 67–80

    Google Scholar 

  46. Yang X, Han J, Parsons R L, Leshchinsky D. Three-dimensional numerical modeling of single geocell-reinforced sand. Frontiers of Architecture and Civil Engineering in China, 2010, 4(2): 233–240

    Google Scholar 

  47. Atkinson J. The Mechanics of Soils and Foundations. London: Taylor & Francis, 2007

    Google Scholar 

  48. Hicks M A, Samy K. Influence of heterogeneity on undrained clay slope stability. Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology and Hydrogeology, 2002, 35(1): 41–49

    Google Scholar 

  49. Hamdia K M, Silani M, Zhuang X, He P, Rabczuk T. Stochastic analysis of the fracture toughness of polymeric nanoparticle composites using polynomial chaos expansions. International Journal of Fracture, 2017, 206(2): 215–227

    Google Scholar 

  50. Vu-Bac N, Lahmer T, Zhuang X, Nguyen-Thoi T, Rabczuk T. A software framework for probabilistic sensitivity analysis for computationally expensive models. Advances in Engineering Software, 2016, 100: 19–31

    Google Scholar 

  51. Das B M, Sobhan K. Principles of Geotechnical Engineering. California: Thomson Learning, 2013

    Google Scholar 

  52. Ortiz J M R, Gesta J S, Mazo C O. Infrastructure Application Course. Madrid: Publishing Office of the Official Institute of Architects, 1986 (in Spanish)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geotechnical Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran

    Masoud Ranjbarnia & Milad Zaheri

  2. School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, China

    Daniel Dias

  3. Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, F-38000, France

    Daniel Dias

Authors
  1. Masoud Ranjbarnia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Milad Zaheri
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Daniel Dias
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Masoud Ranjbarnia.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Ranjbarnia, M., Zaheri, M. & Dias, D. Three-dimensional finite difference analysis of shallow sprayed concrete tunnels crossing a reverse fault or a normal fault: A parametric study. Front. Struct. Civ. Eng. 14, 998–1011 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-020-0621-8

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11709-020-0621-8

Keywords

Search

Navigation