当前位置: X-MOL 学术Front. Marine Sci. › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Relative Effects of Multiple Stressors on Reef Food Webs in the Northern Gulf of Mexico Revealed via Ecosystem Modeling
Frontiers in Marine Science ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-30 , DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2020.00513
David D. Chagaris , William F. Patterson , Micheal S. Allen

Since 2010, the northern Gulf of Mexico (NGoM) has experienced two unique environmental stressors. First, the 2010 Deepwater Horizon oil spill (DWH) impacted a broad range of taxa and habitats and resulted in declines of small demersal reef fish over the study area (88.5–85.5°W and 29–30.5°N). Then, from 2011 to 2014 the invasive Indo-Pacific lionfish (Pterois volitans) underwent exponential population growth, leading to some of the highest densities in their invaded range. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of these stressors on reef ecosystems, and specifically how invasive lionfish and fishing may have impacted recovery following DWH. Site-specific datasets on fish density and diet composition were synthesized into an Ecopath with Ecosim food web model of a NGoM reef ecosystem. The model consisted of 63 biomass groups and was calibrated to time series of abundance from 2009 to 2016. The model accounted for mortality from the DWH using forcing functions derived from logistic dose-response curves and oil concentrations. Eight stressor scenarios were simulated, representing all combinations of DWH, lionfish, and fishing. Simulated biomass differed across model groups due to singular and cumulative impacts of stressors and direct and indirect effects arising through food web interactions. Species with high exploitation rates were influenced by fishing more than lionfish following DWH. Several small demersal fish groups were predicted to be strongly influenced by either the cumulative effects of lionfish and DWH or by lionfish alone. A second group of small demersal fish benefited in the stressor scenarios due to reduced top-down predation and competition in the combined stressor scenarios. We conclude that lionfish had a major impact on this ecosystem, based on both empirical data and simulation results. This caused slower recoveries following DWH and lower fish biomass and diversity. Additionally, the lack of recovery for some groups in the absence of lionfish suggests system reorganization may be preventing return to a pre-DWH state. We intended for this work to improve our understanding of how temperate reef ecosystems, like those in the NGoM, respond to broad scale stressors and advance the state of applied ecosystem modeling for resource damage assessment and restoration planning.

中文翻译:

通过生态系统建模揭示了多种压力因素对墨西哥湾北部珊瑚礁食物网的相对影响

自 2010 年以来,墨西哥湾北部 (NGoM) 经历了两个独特的环境压力源。首先,2010 年深水地平线漏油事件 (DWH) 影响了广泛的分类群和栖息地,导致研究区域(88.5-85.5°W 和 29-30.5°N)上的小型底栖礁鱼数量减少。然后,从 2011 年到 2014 年,入侵的印度太平洋狮子鱼(Pterois volitans)经历了指数级的种群增长,导致其入侵范围内的一些密度最高。这项研究的主要目的是评估这些压力因素对珊瑚礁生态系统的影响,特别是入侵狮子鱼和捕鱼可能如何影响 DWH 后的恢复。特定地点的鱼类密度和饮食组成数据集被合成到带有 Ecosim 食物网模型的生态路径中,该模型是 NGoM 珊瑚礁生态系统。该模型由 63 个生物量组组成,并根据 2009 年至 2016 年的丰度时间序列进行校准。该模型使用来自逻辑剂量反应曲线和油浓度的强制函数来解释 DWH 的死亡率。模拟了八个压力源场景,代表了 DWH、狮子鱼和钓鱼的所有组合。由于压力源的单一和累积影响以及食物网相互作用产生的直接和间接影响,模拟生物量在模型组之间有所不同。在 DWH 之后,捕捞率高的物种比狮子鱼更受捕捞的影响。预计几种小型底层鱼类群会受到狮子鱼和 DWH 的累积影响或单独受到狮子鱼的强烈影响。由于在组合压力源情景中自上而下的捕食和竞争减少,第二组小底栖鱼在压力源情景中受益。根据经验数据和模拟结果,我们得出结论,狮子鱼对该生态系统产生了重大影响。这导致 DWH 后恢复较慢,鱼类生物量和多样性降低。此外,在没有狮子鱼的情况下,某些群体无法恢复,这表明系统重组可能会阻止恢复到 DWH 之前的状态。我们打算开展这项工作,以提高我们对温带珊瑚礁生态系统(如 NGoM 中的生态系统)如何应对大范围压力源的理解,并推进用于资源损害评估和恢复规划的应用生态系统建模的状态。根据经验数据和模拟结果,我们得出结论,狮子鱼对该生态系统产生了重大影响。这导致 DWH 后恢复较慢,鱼类生物量和多样性降低。此外,在没有狮子鱼的情况下,某些群体无法恢复,这表明系统重组可能会阻止恢复到 DWH 之前的状态。我们打算开展这项工作,以提高我们对温带珊瑚礁生态系统(如 NGoM 中的生态系统)如何应对大范围压力源的理解,并推进用于资源损害评估和恢复规划的应用生态系统建模的状态。根据经验数据和模拟结果,我们得出结论,狮子鱼对该生态系统产生了重大影响。这导致 DWH 后恢复较慢,鱼类生物量和多样性降低。此外,在没有狮子鱼的情况下,某些群体无法恢复,这表明系统重组可能会阻止恢复到 DWH 之前的状态。我们打算开展这项工作,以提高我们对温带珊瑚礁生态系统(如 NGoM 中的生态系统)如何应对大范围压力源的理解,并推进用于资源损害评估和恢复规划的应用生态系统建模的状态。在没有狮子鱼的情况下,某些群体无法恢复,这表明系统重组可能会阻止恢复到 DWH 之前的状态。我们打算开展这项工作,以提高我们对温带珊瑚礁生态系统(如 NGoM 中的生态系统)如何应对大范围压力源的理解,并推进用于资源损害评估和恢复规划的应用生态系统建模的状态。在没有狮子鱼的情况下,某些群体无法恢复,这表明系统重组可能会阻止恢复到 DWH 之前的状态。我们打算开展这项工作,以提高我们对温带珊瑚礁生态系统(如 NGoM 中的生态系统)如何应对大范围压力源的理解,并推进用于资源损害评估和恢复规划的应用生态系统建模的状态。
更新日期:2020-06-30
down
wechat
bug