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Wnt Genes in Wing Pattern Development of Coliadinae Butterflies
Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-30 , DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2020.00197
Jennifer Fenner , Caleb Benson , Luis Rodriguez-Caro , Anna Ren , Riccardo Papa , Arnaud Martin , Federico Hoffmann , Ryan Range , Brian A. Counterman

Wnt genes are major developmental genes highly conserved across all animals. Yet, our understanding of the Wnt gene repertoire and their functions is still largely incomplete. In Lepidoptera, Wnt genes have been implicated in wing pattern development. For example, WntA has been shown as a driver of wing pattern diversification in nymphalid butterflies. In this study, we characterize the Wnt gene repertoire in Zerene cesonia (Family: Pieridae), which diverged from nymphalids ∼51 million years ago, to determine if Wnt genes may have a conserved role in wing development across distant butterfly lineages. We first show that Wnt gene content is highly conserved across butterflies, but that there is strikingly different expression across the eight Wnt genes during wing development of Z. cesonia and nymphalid butterflies. Surprisingly, while four Wnt genes (Wnt1, 6, 7, and 11) are expressed during wing development in Z. cesonia, the renown nymphalid wing patterning gene WntA was undetected. However, despite the differences in Wnt gene expression, Heparin injections yielded a similar disruption in wing color pattern development in both Z. cesonia and nymphalid butterflies. Interestingly, these assays also resulted in the loss of structurally based ultraviolet (UV) wing patterns in Z. cesonia. Collectively, the study shows that pierids maintained the highly conserved nature of Wnt gene content in Lepidoptera, but might deploy these genes very differently from nymphalid butterflies during wing pattern development.

中文翻译:

Wnt 基因在 Coliadinae 蝴蝶翅膀图案发育中的作用

Wnt 基因是在所有动物中高度保守的主要发育基因。然而,我们对 Wnt 基因库及其功能的理解在很大程度上仍然不完整。在鳞翅目中,Wnt 基因与翼型发育有关。例如,WntA 已被证明是若虫蝴蝶翅膀图案多样化的驱动因素。在这项研究中,我们描述了约 5100 万年前从蛱蝶科分离出来的 Zerene cesonia(科:蝶科)中的 Wnt 基因库,以确定 Wnt 基因是否可能在遥远的蝴蝶谱系的翅膀发育中具有保守的作用。我们首先表明 Wnt 基因含量在蝴蝶中高度保守,但在 Z. cesonia 和若虫蝴蝶的翅膀发育过程中,八个 Wnt 基因的表达存在显着差异。出奇,虽然在 Z. cesonia 的翅膀发育过程中表达了四个 Wnt 基因(Wnt1、6、7 和 11),但未检测到著名的若虫翅膀图案基因 WntA。然而,尽管 Wnt 基因表达存在差异,但注射肝素对 Z. cesonia 和若虫蝴蝶的翅膀颜色模式发展产生了类似的破坏。有趣的是,这些测定还导致 Z. cesonia 中基于结构的紫外线 (UV) 机翼模式的丢失。总的来说,该研究表明,蝶蝶在鳞翅目中保持了 Wnt 基因含量的高度保守性,但在翅膀模式发育过程中,这些基因的部署可能与若虫蝴蝶非常不同。尽管 Wnt 基因表达存在差异,但注射肝素对 Z. cesonia 和若虫蝴蝶的翅膀颜色模式发展产生了类似的破坏。有趣的是,这些测定还导致 Z. cesonia 中基于结构的紫外线 (UV) 机翼模式的丢失。总的来说,该研究表明,蝶蝶在鳞翅目中保持了 Wnt 基因含量的高度保守性,但在翅膀模式发育过程中,这些基因的部署可能与若虫蝴蝶非常不同。尽管 Wnt 基因表达存在差异,但注射肝素对 Z. cesonia 和若虫蝴蝶的翅膀颜色模式发展产生了类似的破坏。有趣的是,这些测定还导致 Z. cesonia 中基于结构的紫外线 (UV) 机翼模式的丢失。总的来说,该研究表明,蝶蝶在鳞翅目中保持了 Wnt 基因含量的高度保守性,但在翅膀模式发育过程中,这些基因的部署可能与若虫蝴蝶非常不同。
更新日期:2020-06-30
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